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Tsunamis are ocean waves generally produced when earthquakes suddenly displace the ocean floor, and with it a huge volume of water. Unlike ordinary waves on the ocean surface, a tsunami involves the entire water column, from surface to bottom. To a tsunami, the ocean is shallow—and that makes tsunamis shallow-water waves, whose speed is
FIGURE 14.39 People flee as the devastating tsunami of December 2004 strikes Thailand (Passage Problems 81-84).
For a tsunami to behave as a shallow-water wave, its wavelength
- a. must be comparable to or longer than the ocean depth.
- b. must be shorter than the ocean depth.
- c. can have any value.
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