Pearson eText -- Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780137488179
Author: Douglas Giancoli
Publisher: PEARSON+
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(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, they compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)
(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, geologists compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)
(II) P and S waves from an earthquake travel at different speeds, and this difference helps locate the earthquake “epicenter” (where the disturbance took place). (a) Assuming typical speeds of 8.5 km/s and 55 km/s for P and Swaves, respectively, how far away did an earthquake occur if a particular seismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 1.5 min apart? (b) Is one seismic station sufficient to determine the position of the epicenter? Explain.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Pearson eText -- Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1AECh. 15.1 - You notice a water Wave pass by the end of a pier...Ch. 15.2 - A wave starts at the left end of a long cord (see...Ch. 15.4 - A wave is given by D(x, t) = (5.0 mm) sin(2.0x ...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1QCh. 15 - Explain the difference between the speed of a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3QCh. 15 - What kind of waves do you think will travel down a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5QCh. 15 - Prob. 6Q
Ch. 15 - The speed of sound in most solids is somewhat...Ch. 15 - Give two reasons why circular water waves decrease...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9QCh. 15 - Will any function of (x t)see Eq. 1514represent a...Ch. 15 - When a sinusoidal wave crosses the boundary...Ch. 15 - If a sinusoidal wave on a two-section cord (Fig....Ch. 15 - Is energy always conserved when two waves...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14QCh. 15 - Prob. 15QCh. 15 - Prob. 16QCh. 15 - Prob. 17QCh. 15 - Prob. 18QCh. 15 - When a standing wave exists on a string, the...Ch. 15 - When a cord is vibrated as in Fig. 1525 by hand or...Ch. 15 - AM radio signals can usually be heard behind a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22QCh. 15 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 1PCh. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - (I) Calculate the speed of longitudinal waves in...Ch. 15 - (1) AM radio signals have frequencies between 550...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PCh. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - Prob. 8PCh. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - Prob. 10PCh. 15 - Prob. 11PCh. 15 - Prob. 12PCh. 15 - Prob. 13PCh. 15 - Prob. 14PCh. 15 - Prob. 15PCh. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Prob. 17PCh. 15 - Prob. 18PCh. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - (II) Show that the intensity of a wave is equal to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 21PCh. 15 - Prob. 22PCh. 15 - Prob. 23PCh. 15 - Prob. 24PCh. 15 - Prob. 25PCh. 15 - Prob. 26PCh. 15 - (II) A transverse wave pulse travels to the right...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28PCh. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - (II) Write the equation for the wave in Problem 28...Ch. 15 - (II) A sinusoidal wave traveling on a string in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 32PCh. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - (II) Determine if the function D = A sin k x cos t...Ch. 15 - (II) Show by direct substitution that the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 36PCh. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Prob. 38PCh. 15 - Prob. 39PCh. 15 - Prob. 40PCh. 15 - (II) A cord has two sections with linear densities...Ch. 15 - (III) A cord stretched to a tension FT consists of...Ch. 15 - (I) The two pulses shown in Fig. 1536 are moving...Ch. 15 - Prob. 44PCh. 15 - Prob. 45PCh. 15 - (I) If a violin string vibrates at 294 Hz as its...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47PCh. 15 - Prob. 48PCh. 15 - (II) The velocity of waves on a string is 96 m/s....Ch. 15 - Prob. 50PCh. 15 - Prob. 51PCh. 15 - Prob. 52PCh. 15 - Prob. 53PCh. 15 - (II) In Problem 52, Fig. 1537, the length of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 55PCh. 15 - Prob. 56PCh. 15 - Prob. 57PCh. 15 - Prob. 58PCh. 15 - (II) Plot the two waves given in Problem 58 and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 60PCh. 15 - Prob. 61PCh. 15 - (II) Two oppositely directed traveling waves given...Ch. 15 - Prob. 63PCh. 15 - Prob. 64PCh. 15 - (I) An earthquake P wave traveling 8.0 km/s...Ch. 15 - Prob. 67PCh. 15 - (I) Water waves approach an underwater shelf where...Ch. 15 - Prob. 69PCh. 15 - Prob. 70PCh. 15 - Prob. 71GPCh. 15 - Prob. 72GPCh. 15 - (II) Seismic reflection prospecting is commonly...Ch. 15 - Prob. 74GPCh. 15 - A bug on the surface of a pond is observed to move...Ch. 15 - Prob. 76GPCh. 15 - Prob. 77GPCh. 15 - Prob. 78GPCh. 15 - Prob. 79GPCh. 15 - Prob. 80GPCh. 15 - A transverse wave pulse travels to the right along...Ch. 15 - (a) Show that if the tension in a stretched string...Ch. 15 - Prob. 83GPCh. 15 - Prob. 84GPCh. 15 - Two strings on a musical instrument are tuned to...Ch. 15 - The ripples in a certain groove 10.8 cm from the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 87GPCh. 15 - Prob. 88GPCh. 15 - Prob. 90GPCh. 15 - A highway overpass was observed to resonate as one...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92GPCh. 15 - Estimate the average power of a water wave when it...Ch. 15 - Prob. 94GPCh. 15 - Two wave pulses are traveling in opposite...Ch. 15 - Prob. 96GP
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- Energy from the Sun arrives at the top of Earth’s atmosphere with an intensity of 1400 W/m2. How long does it take for 1.80109 J to arrive on an area of 1.00 m2?arrow_forward(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, geologists compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)arrow_forwardHow many times a minute does a boat bob up and down on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 40.0 m and a propagation speed of 5.00 m/s?arrow_forward
- An airplane is flying at Mach 1.50 at an altitude of 7500.00 meters, where the speed of sound is v=343.00 m/s. How far away from a stationary observer will the plane be when the observer hears the sonic boom?arrow_forwardA sunbather stands waist deep in the ocean and observes that six crests of periodic surface waves pass each minute. The crests are 16.00 meters apart. What is the wavelength, frequency, period, and speed of the waves?arrow_forwardWind gusts create ripples on the ocean that have a wavelength at 5.00 cm and propagate at 2.00m/s. What is their frequency?arrow_forward
- Earthquakes at fault lines in the Earths crust create seismic waves, which are longitudinal (P waves) or transverse (S waves). The P waves have a speed of about 7 km/s. Estimate the average bulk modulus of the Earths crust given that the density of rock is about 2 500 kg/m3.arrow_forwardWhy do roofs of gymnasiums and churches seem to fail more than family homes when an earthquake occurs?arrow_forwardA seismic wave passes through four ground layers with depths of 40, 90, 150 and 220 m, respectively, and the wave velocity in these layers is 200, 300, 400, 500 m/s, respectively, so the value of the dynamic correction of the reflected wave from the first separation layer captured by a receiver At a distance of 200 meters from the detonation point are:arrow_forward
- P and S waves from an earthquake travel at different speeds, and thisdifference helps locate the earthquake “epicenter” (where the disturbancetook place). Assuming typical speeds of 8.5km/s and 5.5 km/s for P and Swaves, respectively, how far away did an earthquake occur if a particularseismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 1.5 minapart?arrow_forwardA geological disturbance in San Andreas fault generated a seismic wave that was detected in Phoenix, AZ, approximately 1000 km from the epicenter. If such waves travel at an average speed of 6.5 km/s, what would be the time-lag between the disturbance and the detection? How does this speed compare with that of sound waves in air at a day temperature of 23°C? 2.6 min, vseismic/ Vsound 19 O 2.6 min, vseismie/ Vsound 26 O 2.9 min, vseismie/ Vsound 29 O 3.2 min, vseismic/ Vsound 21arrow_forwardOn December 26, 2004, a great earthquake occurredoff the coast of Sumatra and triggered immense waves (tsunami) thatkilled more than 200,000 people. Satellites observing these waves fromspace measured 800 km from one wave crest to the next and a periodbetween waves of 1.0 hour. What was the speed of these waves in m>sand in km/h? Does your answer help you understand why the wavescaused such devastation?arrow_forward
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