21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393415216
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 15, Problem 10QP
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Which of the following statements is wrong?
A. A main-sequence star is cooler and brighter than it was as a protostar.
B. Carbon fusion occurs in high-mass stars but not in low-mass stars because the cores of low-mass stars never contain significant amounts of carbon.
C. when a main-sequence star exhausts its core hydrogen fuel supply, the core shrinks while the rest of the star expands.
D. After a supernova explosion, the remains of the stellar core will be either a neutron star or a black hole.
Which of the following binary star systems cannot exist?
A. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance.
B. A 15 solar-mass main sequence star and a 10 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance.
C. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar-mass main sequence star.
D. A 2 solar-mass main sequence star and a 1 solar mass red giant with a size a few times smaller than the orbital distance.
Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological
sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last.
w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity
and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation
x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is
high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core
y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust
concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center
z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a
nebular cloud
y, then z, then w, then x
z, then y, then w, then x
w, then y, then z, then x
z, then x, then w, then y
x, then z, then y, then w
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Chapter 15 Solutions
21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1CYUCh. 15.2 - Prob. 15.2CYUCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3CYUCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 1QPCh. 15 - Prob. 2QPCh. 15 - Prob. 3QPCh. 15 - Prob. 4QPCh. 15 - Prob. 5QPCh. 15 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 7QPCh. 15 - Prob. 8QPCh. 15 - Prob. 9QPCh. 15 - Prob. 10QPCh. 15 - Prob. 11QPCh. 15 - Prob. 12QPCh. 15 - Prob. 13QPCh. 15 - Prob. 14QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15QPCh. 15 - Prob. 16QPCh. 15 - Prob. 17QPCh. 15 - Prob. 18QPCh. 15 - Prob. 19QPCh. 15 - Prob. 20QPCh. 15 - Prob. 21QPCh. 15 - Prob. 22QPCh. 15 - Prob. 23QPCh. 15 - Prob. 24QPCh. 15 - Prob. 25QPCh. 15 - Prob. 26QPCh. 15 - Prob. 27QPCh. 15 - Prob. 28QPCh. 15 - Prob. 29QPCh. 15 - Prob. 30QPCh. 15 - Prob. 31QPCh. 15 - Prob. 32QPCh. 15 - Prob. 33QPCh. 15 - Prob. 35QPCh. 15 - Prob. 36QPCh. 15 - Prob. 37QPCh. 15 - Prob. 38QPCh. 15 - Prob. 39QPCh. 15 - Prob. 40QPCh. 15 - Prob. 41QPCh. 15 - Prob. 42QPCh. 15 - Prob. 43QPCh. 15 - Prob. 44QPCh. 15 - Prob. 45QP
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- Describe the evolution of a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun, from the protostar stage to the time it first becomes a red giant. Give the description in words and then sketch the evolution on an HR diagram.arrow_forwardFor each statement concerning main sequence stars, select T True, F False, G Greater than, L Less than, or E Equal to. A) The surface temperature of a O type star is .... than a K type star. B) On the main sequence, the mass of a O type star is .... than a F type star. C) On the main sequence, a M type star's life is .... than a G type star. D) The surface temperature of our Sun is .... than the surface temperature of Sirius. E) When stars start hydrogen burning, thier mass determines where they are on the main sequence. F) Based on the relative lifes of M and G type stars we expect the number of M stars to be .... than the number of G type stars.arrow_forwardThe chemical abundance of population I stars a. indicates that they were formed before the population II stars. b. indicates that the material they formed from had been enriched with material from supernovae. c. indicates that they contain very few heavy metals compared to halo stars. d. depends on the temperature of the star. e. depends on the mass of the star.arrow_forward
- All massive main sequence stars reside in clouds of glowing gas. The four powerful stars in the center of the Orion Nebula are good examples. Lower mass stars like the Sun generally don't have clouds of gas around them. a. Why do powerful stars reside in gas clouds? b. What is making the gas glow exactly? For the last question, refer to the surface temperature of these stars, and to Wien's Law.arrow_forwardThe place on the H–R diagram where contracting protostars first become visible is a. the horizontal branch. b. the instability strip. c. the birth line. d. the zero-age main sequence. e. none of the above.arrow_forwardA group of graduate students, bored during a cloudy night at a the observatory, begin to make bets about the time different stars will take to evolve. If they have a cluster of stars which were all born roughly the same time, and want to know which star will become a red giant first, which of the following stars should they bet on? a. a star that would type O on the main sequence star b. a star about 1/2 the mass of our sun c. a star about 8% the mass of our sun d. all stars reach the red giant stage in roughly the same number of yearsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about various stages of core nuclear burning (hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc.) in a high- mass star is not true? A. As each stage ends, the core shrinks and heats further. B. Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic number and atomic mass number. C. As each stage ends, the reactions that occurred in previous stages continue in shells around the core. D.Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time.arrow_forwardA protostar will continue to collapse due to gravity until it reaches the main sequence, and then gravitational collapse will stop when a. the formation of star-globularsb. atoms degenerate at the core of the starc. the fusion of hydrogen d. the fusion of heliume. the fission of hydrogenarrow_forwardWhich statement is most logical? a Once gravity overcomes thermal pressure, nebulae cloud turns into molecular cloud. If it is cold and dense enough, molecular cloud might turn into protostar. b If gravity is stronger than thermal pressure, nebulae cloud contracts into molecular cloud. If it is cold and dense enough, molecular cloud might turn into protostar. c If a molecular cloud is cold and dense enough, it turns into a protostar. Once gravity overcomes thermal pressure, protostar might become molecular cloud. d If a nebulae cloud is cold and dense enough, it turns into molecular cloud. If gravity is stronger than thermal pressure, molecular cloud might become protostar.arrow_forward
- Stars found on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram share certain features not shared by other stars. What are these features? A Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are all roughly the same radius. Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram do not produce heavy elements like iron. Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram have an orderly arrangement of stellar masses, decreasing in mass from lower right to upper left. Stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram main sequence have roughly the same age. Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram all generate energy from nuclear fusion. B D E F) None of the mentioned choices. 4arrow_forwardThe sketch below shows an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Consider the star to which the arrow points. How is it currently generating energy? Temperature A. by hydrogen shell burning around an inert helium core B. by gravitational contraction C. by core hydrogen fusion D.by core helium fusion combined with hydrogen shell burning E. by both hydrogen and helium shell burning around an inert carbon core Luminosity -→arrow_forwardWhich of the following is wrong? A. Tidal effects in a binary star system become more important when one or both stars become giant stars. B. There is no fusion occurring in the core of a low-mass red giant star. C. Gold (the element) is produced during the supernova explosions of high-mass stars. D. Suppose the star Betelgeuse were to become a supernova tomorrow, we'd see by naked eyes a cloud of gas expanding away from the position where Betelgeuse used to be. Over a period of a few weeks, this cloud would fill a large part of our sky.arrow_forward
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