Microeconomics (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134106243
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O'Brien
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 15.4.4PA
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Explain whether the following sentence makes Good Economic Sense: “The way to tell if a business has monopoly power is to count the number of substitutes for that business’s product.”
The three graphs below illustrate the market for electricity. The distribution of electricity is a natural monopoly; therefore, to take advantage of lower production costs, it is efficient to have only one firm in the market. Unfortunately, if a monopoly were allowed to provide electricity, it would charge a higher price and provide a smaller amount of electricity than would be desirable. In other words, the unregulated monopoly would charge the monopoly's profit-maximizing price. To avoid this, the government will allow a single firm to provide electricity, but the government will regulate the price. Let’s compare possible regulatory solutions.
Consider the welfare effects when the industry operates under a competitive market versus a monopoly.
On the monopoly graph, use the black points (plus symbol) to shade the area that represents the loss of welfare from a monopoly, or deadweight loss. That is, show the area that was formerly producer surplus or consumer surplus and now does not accrue to anybody.
Deadweight loss occurs when a monopoly controls a market because the resulting equilibrium is different from the competitive outcome, which is efficient.
In the following table, enter the price and quantity that would arise in a competitive market; then enter the profit-maximizing price and quantity that would be chosen if a monopolist controlled this market.
Market Structure
Price
Quantity
(Dollars)
(Hot dogs)
Competitive
Monopoly
Given the summary table of the two different market structures, you can infer that, in general, the price is higher under a (competitive market or…
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microeconomics (6th Edition)
Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1.1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.1.2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.1.3PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.1.4PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.1.5PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.1.6PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.4RQ
Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2.5PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.6PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.7PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.8PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.9PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.10PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.11PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.12PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.13PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.2.14PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.4PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.5PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.6PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.7PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.8PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.9PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.3.10PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.3PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.4PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.5PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.6PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.7PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.4.8PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.4PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.5PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.6PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.7PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.8PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.9PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.10PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.11PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.12PACh. 15 - Prob. 15.5.13PA
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- Consider the welfare effects when the industry operates under a competitive market versus a monopoly. On the monopoly graph, use the black points (plus symbol) to shade the area that represents the loss of welfare, or deadweight loss, caused by a monopoly. That is, show the area that was formerly part of total surplus and now does not accrue to anybody. Deadweight loss occurs when a monopoly controls a market because the resulting equilibrium is different from the competitive outcome, which is efficient. In the following table, enter the price and quantity that would arise in a competitive market; then enter the profit-maximizing price and quantity that would be chosen if a monopolist controlled this market. Market Structure Price Quantity (Dollars) (Hot dogs) Competitive Monopoly Given the summary table of the two different market structures, you can infer that, in general, the price is higher under a_______________, and the…arrow_forwardCarefully explain whether each of the following statements is true, false or uncertain. a.) Because of their monopoly power, monopolists always set the highest price in order to maximize their profits. b.) Accounting profit tends to be larger than economic profit. c.) As Uncle Bob is a rational person, he will always hire an additional worker as long as this worker brings in a positive amount of revenue. d.) A patent or copyright reduce a firm’s or a person’s monopoly power in a market. f.) In a perfectly competitive market, both buyers and sellers are price takers. g.) A firm operating in a perfectly competitive market may earn positive, negative, or zero economic profit in the long run. h.) For a price-taking firm, average revenue equals to marginal revenue. i.) In a perfectly competitive market, firms that raise their prices above market price are typically rewarded with larger profits.arrow_forwardThe Challenge points out that if a ball club raises a player’s salary, it increases its fixed cost but not its variable cost. Use a formal model (such as graphs) to show what effect such an increase has if (a) the firm is competitive or (b) the firm is a monopolyarrow_forward
- Suppose a monopoly faces the market demand in the figure attached. It has a constant marginal cost equal to $6. a. Find the monopoly quantity and price. Give a numeric answer for each and show them on the graph. b. Find the perfectly competitive quantity and price assuming the market is made up of producers each with marginal cost $6. Give a numeric answer for each and show them on the graph. c. What is the efficient quantity? Give a numeric answer and show it on the graph. Which market structure, monopoly or perfect competition, comes closer to achieving the efficient quantity? d. Now suppose there is a negative externality associated with producing the good of $5 per unit. Now which market structure, monopoly or perfect competition, comes closer to achieving the efficient quantity? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardWhat are the four most important ways a firm becomes a monopoly? Will a monopoly that maximizes profit also be maximizing revenue? Will it be maximizing output? Explain. Assume the graph below represents the market for a monopolist. What quantity will the monopolist produce, and what price will she charge? What will her total revenue, costs, and profit be at this production level? What will the deadweight loss for society be at this level of production? (Assume the MC curve is a straight line between the relevant points for this calculation.)arrow_forwardGraphically show a monopoly firm that currently sells 250 units of output at a price of $60/unit, where the marginal revenue of the 250th unit is $40, the marginal cost of the 250th unit is $50, and the average total cost at 250 units is $60. [Hint: Based on the information given, is the quantity you’re asked to show the profit-maximizing quantity? Think about what has to be true for profit-maximization.] Based on the graph and assuming the firm attempts to profit maximize (and succeeds), what would happen to price, quantity, MR, MC, and ATC? (rise, fall, or stay the same?)arrow_forward
- What are the four most important ways a firm becomes a monopoly? Will a monopoly that maximizes profit also be maximizing revenue? Will it be maximizing output? Explain. Assume the graph below represents the market for a monopolist. What quantity will the monopolist produce, and what price will she charge? What will her total revenue, costs, and profit be at this level of production? What will the deadweight loss for society be at this level of production? (Assume the MC curve is a straight line between the relevant points for this calculation.) 3. U.S. antitrust laws are designed to prohibit monopolization and encourage competition. Why, then, does the government erect barriers to entry and create monopoly power by granting firms patents?arrow_forwardThe figure shows what type of market? >>Please add an explanation of how natural monopoly differs in graph vs. normal monopoly.arrow_forwardAnswer the following 2 questions a) Can a firm have market power even if it is not the only firm in the market? Why? How do you measure market power? b) Is there a social cost associated with profit maximisation in monopoly? Why? Please illustrate your reply with a grapharrow_forward
- The following table shows the maximum amount five potential car buyers are willing to pay for each level of sales. Suppose that the cars are being sold by a car dealer operating as a monopoly (perhaps because there are no other car dealers in the market). Maximum Amount He or She Would Pay for the Car Buyer 1 $40,000 Buyer 2 $35,000 Buyer 3 $30,000 Buyer 4 $25,000 Buyer 5 $20,000 a) If the price of the car is $30,000, the revenue will be $............thousand.b) If the marginal cost of each car is $20,000. The monopolistic car dealer will want to sell 3 cars and the price will be $................. thousand.c) In a perfectly competitive market, the number of cars sold would be 5 cars. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forwardQ2: Suppose that the foreign country (say, France) has a monopoly in the airplane industry and the home country (say, China) is considering imposing a tariff on airplane imports from France. Use a demand-, supply-, and marginal-revenue-curve graph to show: The effect of this tariff on the foreign monopolist’s profit; The effect of this tariff on the home country’s consumer surplus, government revenue, and total welfare. Is the home country unambiguously worse off as a result of the tariff? When would the country become better off?arrow_forwardSuppose that the graph below depicts a perfectly competitive market. a. What are the equilibrium price and quantity and at equilibrium what is the value of the producer surplus, the consumer surplus and the economic surplus? Price: $ quantity: producer surplus: $ consumer surplus:$ economic surplus: $ b. What would be the monopolist’s price, quantity, producer surplus, consumer surplus, economic surplus and deadweight loss? Price: $ Quantity: Producer surplus: $ Consumer surplus: $ Economic surplus: $ Deadweight loss: $arrow_forward
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