EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296074
Author: GIANCOLI
Publisher: VST
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(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, they compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)
(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, geologists compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)
The intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 1.5×106 J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 46 km from the source.
What was its intensity when it passed a point only 2.0 km from the source?
At what rate did energy pass through an area of 3.0 m^2 at 2.0 km?
Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1AECh. 15.1 - You notice a water Wave pass by the end of a pier...Ch. 15.2 - A wave starts at the left end of a long cord (see...Ch. 15.4 - A wave is given by D(x, t) = (5.0 mm) sin(2.0x ...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1QCh. 15 - Explain the difference between the speed of a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3QCh. 15 - What kind of waves do you think will travel down a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5QCh. 15 - Prob. 6Q
Ch. 15 - The speed of sound in most solids is somewhat...Ch. 15 - Give two reasons why circular water waves decrease...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9QCh. 15 - Will any function of (x t)see Eq. 1514represent a...Ch. 15 - When a sinusoidal wave crosses the boundary...Ch. 15 - If a sinusoidal wave on a two-section cord (Fig....Ch. 15 - Is energy always conserved when two waves...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14QCh. 15 - Prob. 15QCh. 15 - Prob. 16QCh. 15 - Prob. 17QCh. 15 - Prob. 18QCh. 15 - When a standing wave exists on a string, the...Ch. 15 - When a cord is vibrated as in Fig. 1525 by hand or...Ch. 15 - AM radio signals can usually be heard behind a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22QCh. 15 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 1PCh. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - (I) Calculate the speed of longitudinal waves in...Ch. 15 - (1) AM radio signals have frequencies between 550...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PCh. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - Prob. 8PCh. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - Prob. 10PCh. 15 - Prob. 11PCh. 15 - Prob. 12PCh. 15 - Prob. 13PCh. 15 - Prob. 14PCh. 15 - Prob. 15PCh. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Prob. 17PCh. 15 - Prob. 18PCh. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - (II) Show that the intensity of a wave is equal to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 21PCh. 15 - Prob. 22PCh. 15 - Prob. 23PCh. 15 - Prob. 24PCh. 15 - Prob. 25PCh. 15 - Prob. 26PCh. 15 - (II) A transverse wave pulse travels to the right...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28PCh. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - (II) Write the equation for the wave in Problem 28...Ch. 15 - (II) A sinusoidal wave traveling on a string in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 32PCh. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - (II) Determine if the function D = A sin k x cos t...Ch. 15 - (II) Show by direct substitution that the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 36PCh. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Prob. 38PCh. 15 - Prob. 39PCh. 15 - Prob. 40PCh. 15 - (II) A cord has two sections with linear densities...Ch. 15 - (III) A cord stretched to a tension FT consists of...Ch. 15 - (I) The two pulses shown in Fig. 1536 are moving...Ch. 15 - Prob. 44PCh. 15 - Prob. 45PCh. 15 - (I) If a violin string vibrates at 294 Hz as its...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47PCh. 15 - Prob. 48PCh. 15 - (II) The velocity of waves on a string is 96 m/s....Ch. 15 - Prob. 50PCh. 15 - Prob. 51PCh. 15 - Prob. 52PCh. 15 - Prob. 53PCh. 15 - (II) In Problem 52, Fig. 1537, the length of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 55PCh. 15 - Prob. 56PCh. 15 - Prob. 57PCh. 15 - Prob. 58PCh. 15 - (II) Plot the two waves given in Problem 58 and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 60PCh. 15 - Prob. 61PCh. 15 - (II) Two oppositely directed traveling waves given...Ch. 15 - Prob. 63PCh. 15 - Prob. 64PCh. 15 - (I) An earthquake P wave traveling 8.0 km/s...Ch. 15 - Prob. 67PCh. 15 - (I) Water waves approach an underwater shelf where...Ch. 15 - Prob. 69PCh. 15 - Prob. 70PCh. 15 - Prob. 71GPCh. 15 - Prob. 72GPCh. 15 - (II) Seismic reflection prospecting is commonly...Ch. 15 - Prob. 74GPCh. 15 - A bug on the surface of a pond is observed to move...Ch. 15 - Prob. 76GPCh. 15 - Prob. 77GPCh. 15 - Prob. 78GPCh. 15 - Prob. 79GPCh. 15 - Prob. 80GPCh. 15 - A transverse wave pulse travels to the right along...Ch. 15 - (a) Show that if the tension in a stretched string...Ch. 15 - Prob. 83GPCh. 15 - Prob. 84GPCh. 15 - Two strings on a musical instrument are tuned to...Ch. 15 - The ripples in a certain groove 10.8 cm from the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 87GPCh. 15 - Prob. 88GPCh. 15 - Prob. 90GPCh. 15 - A highway overpass was observed to resonate as one...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92GPCh. 15 - Estimate the average power of a water wave when it...Ch. 15 - Prob. 94GPCh. 15 - Two wave pulses are traveling in opposite...Ch. 15 - Prob. 96GP
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- A seismograph records the S- and P-waves from an earthquake 20.00 s apart. If they traveled the same path at constant wave speeds of vs=4.00 km/s and vp=7.50 km/s, how far away is the epicenter of the earthquake?arrow_forwardEarthquakes at fault lines in the Earths crust create seismic waves, which are longitudinal (P waves) or transverse (S waves). The P waves have a speed of about 7 km/s. Estimate the average bulk modulus of the Earths crust given that the density of rock is about 2 500 kg/m3.arrow_forwardHow many times a minute does a boat bob up and down on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 40.0 m and a propagation speed of 5.00 m/s?arrow_forward
- The intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 2.0×106 J/(m2⋅s)J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 58 kmkm from the sourceAt what rate did energy pass through an area of 5.0 m2m2 at 2.0 kmkm ?arrow_forward(II) Two earthquake waves of the same frequency travelthrough the same portion of the Earth, but one is carrying5.0 times the energy. What is the ratio of the amplitudesof the two waves?arrow_forwardThe intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 3.0 × 106 J/m2 at a distance of 48 km from the source. Sketch the situation. A) What was the intensity when it passed a point only 6.0 km from the source? B) At what rate did energy pass through an area of 2.0 m2 at 6.0 km?arrow_forward
- An earthquake sends a pressure wave passing through the earth. What is the ratio of the intensity measured at 20.0 km and 60.0 km from the source?arrow_forward(I) An earthquake P wave traveling at 8.0 km/s strikes a boundary within the Earth between two kinds of material. If it approaches the boundary at an incident angle of 44° and the angle of refraction is 33°, what is the speed in the second medium?arrow_forwardSuppose an earthquake shakes you with a frequency of 9.5 Hz as it passes and continues on to another city 88.5 km away, which it reaches in 10.5 s. What is the wavelength of the earthquake, in meters? λ =arrow_forward
- The velocity of the transverse waves produced by an earthquake is 6.07km/s, while that of the longitudinal waves is 11.2902km/s. A seismograph records the arrival of the transverse waves 49s after that of the longitudinal waves. How far was the earthquake in km?arrow_forwardAn earthquake emits primary waves moving at 8.0 km/s and secondary waves moving at 5.0 km/s. How far from the epicentre of the earthquake is the seismic station if the two waves arrive at the station 2.0 min apart?arrow_forward(II) P and S waves from an earthquake travel at different speeds, and this difference helps locate the earthquake “epicenter” (where the disturbance took place). (a) Assuming typical speeds of 8.5 km/s and 55 km/s for P and Swaves, respectively, how far away did an earthquake occur if a particular seismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 1.5 min apart? (b) Is one seismic station sufficient to determine the position of the epicenter? Explain.arrow_forward
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