Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The facts that can be suggested about the mechanism of the reaction for the given result are to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a strong nucleophile.
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides proceed through the elimination addition mechanism and benzyne is formed as the intermediate.
Hydroxide ions are nucleophiles; they are negatively charged species.
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Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
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