Concept explainers
Match the cell type with the correct stimulus.
______ Rod or cone
_______ Hair cell in cochlea
_______Gustatory cell
________Olfactory neuron
________Hair cell in vestibule
a. Head movement
b. Odorant
c. Photon
d. Taste substance
e. Sound wave
To review:
The matching of the correct cell types: rods and cones, hair cells in the cochlea, gustatory cell, olfactory neurons, and hair cells in the vestibule with their stimulus given below.
1. Head movement
2. Odorant
3. Photon
4. Taste substance
5. Soundwave
Introduction:
The human body’s control system is one of the main systems of the nervous system. It transfers, receives and controls nerve impulse through the body. Finally, these impulses inform the muscle and the body organs for what to do and how to respond to the environment.
Explanation of Solution
The innermost and the deepest layer of the eyeball is the retina, also called the neural layer. There are two layers; a thin superficial layer and a pigmented epithelium that minimize the scattering of light. There are two light detecting cells found in the depths of pigmented epithelium layer, namely, rods and cones. Rods are the type of photoreceptors sensitive for black and cones are responsible for the colored vision in brighter light.
Hair cells of the cochlea are responsible for detecting sound. In mammals, hair cells are found within the spiral organ of corti, which is located on the thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.
The experience of food can be achieved by the sense of taste. The process of taste involveschemoreceptors that respond to the chemicalsthroughspecialized receptor cells called gustatory cells. These are types of specialized epithelial cells. These cells contain microvilli which are mainly responsible for different tastes.
The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve which carries information related to smell. Olfaction (capability to sense smell) starts with the olfactory epithelium, which is found located within the superior portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory neurons help in the detection of odorants and are known as chemoreceptors. Around 10 million olfactory neurons are found in the human body.
The rotational movements of headis identified by hair cells presented in the posterior, anterior as well as lateral semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth. A cluster of hair cells and supporting cells are found in each ampulla. When we turn our head, the endolymph legs trailing and push on the cupula. This activity bends the stereocilia which control the release of glutamate from the hair cells and cause a change in the activity of neurons of the vestibular nerve. Finally, our brain reads the change in neuron activity as the head rotation takes place.
Therefore, it can be concluded that each of the cell types are correctly matched with its stimulus. Followings are the matches:
Rode or cone | c). Photon |
Hair cells in cochlea | e). Sound wave |
Gustatory cells | d).Taste substance |
Olfactory neuron | b). Odorant |
Hair cell in vestibule | a.) head movement |
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
HUMAN A&P SCB 203/204 >IC<
- Match each of the following terms with the appropriate description. _____ somatic senses (general senses)a.produced by strong stimulation _____ special sensesb.endings of sensory neurons or specialized cells next to them _____ variations in stimulus intensity _____ action potentialc.taste, smell, hearing, balance, and vision _____ sensory receptord.frequency and number of action potentials e.touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and muscle sensearrow_forwardThe photoreceptors that perceive color and sharp vision area. amacrine cells.b. rods.c. horizontal cells.d. cones.arrow_forwardWhy is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? a. Cones are denser in the periphery of the retina. b. Bipolar cells are denser in the periphery of the retina. c. Rods are denser in the periphery of the retina. d. The optic nerve exits at the periphery of the retina.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is accurate about the maculae of the vestibular apparatus? a. They detect rotational movements of the head. b. They are located in the semicircular canal. c. Nerve signals are generated when the otolithic membrane bends the stereocilia of the hair cells. d. They are the organs of hearing.arrow_forwardIf someone is born with dense cataracts on both eyes, and the cataracts are removed years later, what happens?A. The person remains permanently blind.B. The person gradually recovers all aspects of vision.C. The person gains some vision, but remains impaired on object recognition, motion vision, and depth perception.D. The person gains almost all aspects of vision, but remains greatly impaired on color perception.arrow_forwardVisual information from the lateral geniculate area goes next to the: a. hypothalamus b. retina c. primary visual cortex d. thalamus 2. Which of the following are receptor cells of the auditory system? a. rods and cones b. hair cells c. basilar membranes d. sound bulbsarrow_forward
- 1) The base plate of the stapes _____. A) transmits sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the ear ossicles B) is located in the inner ear and has hair cells with stereocilia and kinocilia attached to it C) covers the round window to the inner ear D) vibrates in the oval window to create waves in the inner eararrow_forwardSalty foods activate the taste cells by _____. a. exciting the taste cell directly b. causing hydrogen ions to enter the cell c. causing sodium channels to close d. binding directly to the receptorsarrow_forwardThe middle ear converts(A) air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves.(B) air pressure waves to nerve impulses.(C) fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses.(D) pressure waves to hair cell movements.arrow_forward
- Why is a retinal defect, such as retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision, associated with night blindness? a. Tunnel vision and night blindness are unrelated conditions. b. The high density of rod photoreceptors in the fovea are unaffected in each condition. c. The highest resolution cone photoreceptors are found exclusively in the outer regions of the retina. d. The color-detecting cone photoreceptors have the greatest density in the outer regions of the retina. e. The highly-sensitive rod photoreceptors are located in the outer regions of the retina.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the contributions of rods and cones to vision is TRUE? A. The three types of cones (long, medium, short) are represented at roughly equal numbers B. Rods respond to light at ultra-violet wavelengths (>600nm) C. The relative density of cones is roughly even throughout the retina D. The greater sensitivity of rods in low light is explained by their larger number E. Several rods converge on a single bipolar cellarrow_forwardTaste receptors: a) extends through small openings called taste buds b) has axons that extend directly to the taste center of the cerebral cortex c) lacks axons but releases nerve transmitters when stimulated d) just sitting on the tonguearrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning