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Engineering Computer Science EBK CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

To define the various terms such as functional form, simple list, bound variable, and referential transparency. Explanation: Functional Form The functional form is defined as the algebraic form of a relationship between a dependent variable and regressors. The linear functional form is the simplest functional form. In this functional form, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables is represented by a straight line. Considering, the dependent variable y, independent variable x, y-intercept a, slope coefficient b, the natural logarithms of y and x i.e., ln y and ln x respectively and error e, the linear functional form can be written as follows: y = a + b x + e The semi-log functional form can be written as follows : ln y = a + b x + e Simple List: A list is called a simple list if the order of list items is not significant in the list. It is almost similar to an unordered list except the items are not marked with a bullet or other symbol in this case. Example <section> <p>Different parts <sl> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Information">Main Information</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Carrers">Career Oppurtunities</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/About Us">Information about us</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Contact Us">How we can be contacted</xref> </sli> </sl> </p> </section> Bound Variable A bound variable is defined as a variable with limitations i.e., bound to a specific value or range of values in the universal set. A bound variable cannot represent any number; its possible values are already defined. The example of a bound variable is as follows: ∑ x = 1 10 x + 1 In this example, x is the bound variable whose possible values are from 1 to 10. The possible values of the expression x + 1 are from 2 to 11. Referential Transparency If an expression can be substituted by its consequence and vice versa without affecting the program's initial behavior, it is said to be referentially transparent. Referential transparency enables the programmer and the compiler to target program behavior that enhances accuracy, simplifies an algorithm, aids in modifying code without splitting it, optimizes code through memorization, gets rid of common sub-expression, lazily evaluates, and utilizes parallelization. For example, 5 + 6 can be replaced by 11, or 11 can be replaced by the expression 5 + 6 . So, it is an example of referential transparency.

To define the various terms such as functional form, simple list, bound variable, and referential transparency. Explanation: Functional Form The functional form is defined as the algebraic form of a relationship between a dependent variable and regressors. The linear functional form is the simplest functional form. In this functional form, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables is represented by a straight line. Considering, the dependent variable y, independent variable x, y-intercept a, slope coefficient b, the natural logarithms of y and x i.e., ln y and ln x respectively and error e, the linear functional form can be written as follows: y = a + b x + e The semi-log functional form can be written as follows : ln y = a + b x + e Simple List: A list is called a simple list if the order of list items is not significant in the list. It is almost similar to an unordered list except the items are not marked with a bullet or other symbol in this case. Example <section> <p>Different parts <sl> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Information">Main Information</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Carrers">Career Oppurtunities</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/About Us">Information about us</xref> </sli> <sli> <xref href="#aboutditaotugref/Contact Us">How we can be contacted</xref> </sli> </sl> </p> </section> Bound Variable A bound variable is defined as a variable with limitations i.e., bound to a specific value or range of values in the universal set. A bound variable cannot represent any number; its possible values are already defined. The example of a bound variable is as follows: ∑ x = 1 10 x + 1 In this example, x is the bound variable whose possible values are from 1 to 10. The possible values of the expression x + 1 are from 2 to 11. Referential Transparency If an expression can be substituted by its consequence and vice versa without affecting the program's initial behavior, it is said to be referentially transparent. Referential transparency enables the programmer and the compiler to target program behavior that enhances accuracy, simplifies an algorithm, aids in modifying code without splitting it, optimizes code through memorization, gets rid of common sub-expression, lazily evaluates, and utilizes parallelization. For example, 5 + 6 can be replaced by 11, or 11 can be replaced by the expression 5 + 6 . So, it is an example of referential transparency.

EBK CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

EBK CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

12th Edition

ISBN: 8220106832448

Author: Sebesta

Publisher: RENT PEARS

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