Human Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305264540
Author: STARR, Cecie; McMillan, Beverly
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 1RQ
Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To distinguish: Among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones.
Introduction The endocrine system is the chemical signaling system that uses blood vessels as information channels. The endocrine glands are ductless organs located within the organ systems and contain groups of endocrine cells that secrete their hormones directly into their surroundings.
Explanation of Solution
The differences among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones are as follows:
Criteria | Hormones | Neurotransmitter | Local signaling molecules | Pheromones |
Range | Long | Single cell ranged | Short distance | Long distance |
Route to target cells | It is carried by blood to target cells. | It is released at the synapses present between neurons and target cells. | It is released in tissues and diffuses to target cells. | It is produced and released into the environment by an animal and reach target cells in another individual. |
Example | Insulin | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Morphogen | Androstenol |
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology
Ch. 15 - Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters,...Ch. 15 - A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell...Ch. 15 - Which hormones produced in the posterior and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Give two examples of feedback control of hormone...Ch. 15 - __________ are molecules released from a signaling...Ch. 15 - Hormones are produced by ______________. a....Ch. 15 - ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones...Ch. 15 - _______ has effects on body tissues in general. a....Ch. 15 - Which of the following stimulate the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________...Ch. 15 - The pituitary detects a rising hormone...Ch. 15 - Second messengers assist _________. a. steroid...Ch. 15 - Match the hormone source with the closest...Ch. 15 - Match the endocrine control concepts.Ch. 15 - Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex...Ch. 15 - A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CTCh. 15 - Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop...
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- Describe how hormone receptors can play a role in affecting the size of the responses of tissues to hormones.arrow_forwardWhat determines whether a cell responds to a particular hormone?arrow_forwardDescribe how lipid-soluble hormones reach their target cell receptors and the type of cellular change they initiate.arrow_forward
- Explain how the same hormone can have different effects on two different target cells and no effect on a third type of cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are ways in which hormones exert their effects? - by controlling the rates of enzymatic reactions - by controlling changes in gene transcription - by activating postsynaptic receptors and generating EPSPs in hypothalamic neurons - by controlling the transport of ions across a cell membranearrow_forwardCompare endocrine system function with nervous system function and describe how these systems work together to regulate body processes.arrow_forward
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