Concept explainers
Introduction: A mutation is a sudden change in the genome of an organism. The change obtained can be hereditary or can be influenced by means of a mutagen. The period of mutagen exposure determines the degree by which an organism is affected.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: A mutation in which there is a removal of single base pair within the coding sequence of a gene and the inactivation of the protein encoded by the gene is called “a frameshift mutation”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The addition and deletion of a single base pair in DNA results in frameshift mutations. In this type of mutation, there is a shifting of the reading frame at the site of mutation which results in the formation of non-functional genes.
Option d. is given as “a frameshift mutation.”
A type of mutation in which there is a deletion of single base pair in the coding sequence of a gene and the inactivation of the protein encoded by the genes is called “a frameshift mutation”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Reason for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as “a silent mutation.”
A silent mutation is a type of point mutation and it does not affect the gene product. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as “a missense mutation.”
The missense mutations take place by means of base substitutions. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “a nonsense mutation.”
When the process of translation terminates by means of stop codon, the formed protein can be short and nonfunctional. Such mutation is called as nonsense mutation. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as “both b and c.”
Both missense mutation and nonsense mutation cannot be expressed by the means addition or deletion of
Hence, the options a., b., c. and e. are incorrect.
A “frameshift mutation” is a mutation in which there is a removal of a single base pair within the coding sequence and the inactivation of the protein encoded by the gene.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY-TEXT
- Which of the following terms refer to the case when a mutation results in a significant decrease or a complete loss of the functional activity of a gene product? a. gain-of-function mutation b. loss-of-function mutationarrow_forwardHow would each of the following types of mutations affect proteinfunction or the amount of functional protein that is expressed froma gene?A. Nonsense mutationB. Missense mutationC. Up promoter mutationD. Mutation that affects splicingarrow_forwardA nonsense mutation Select one: a. results in a larger protein being produced from the mutated gene b. will lead to premature termination of translation c. is the same as a silent mutation d. will lead to the premature termination of transcriptionarrow_forward
- An individual with the genetic condition cystic fibrosis has CFTR protein with the amino acid histidine (at position 482), where the normal CFTR protein has arginine. No other changes are observed in the protein. This is the result of a ____ mutation. Select one: a. nonsense b. frameshift c. silent d. missensearrow_forwardWhich of the following would probably cause the most severe damage to a gene's expression and phenotype a. A missense mutation changing the first methionine codon to an arginine codon. b. A deletion of a base in the 455th codon of a 456-amino acid protein. c. Alteration of a UGG codon to a UGA codon at position 324 of a 324 amino acid protein. d. Mutation of a GUC codon (valine) to a GUU codon (valine).arrow_forwardWhich statement(s) below regarding DNA mutations is true: A. Mutations only occur in genes B. Mutations always result in phenotypic alterations C. Mutations are only induced by extrinsic (environmental) factors D. Mutations can occur in promoters E. Point mutations can be caused by transposons or “jumping genes”arrow_forward
- If a mutation deletes the promoter in a eukrayotic gene, which of the following most accurately describes its consequence? A. There will be no mRNA or polypeptide made. B. The mRNA will be made but no polypeptide is made. C. The mRNA will not be processed properly. D. Nothing will happen. It is a silent mutation.arrow_forwardA SNV mutation that results in an early stop codon is called: A. silent mutation B. silencing mutation C. missense mutation D. nonsense mutation E. frameshift mutationarrow_forwardThe change of a UAC codon (Tyr) to a UAG codon (Stop) is an example of a: A. nonsense mutation B. frameshift mutation C. silent mutation D. missense mutationarrow_forward
- Tautomerization: A. Causes frameshift insertions B. Causes frameshift deletions C. Results in permanent chemical changes in nitrogenous bases D. Cause transition mutations E. Cause transversion mutationsarrow_forwardThe change of a UAC codon (Tyr) to a UAU codon (Tyr) is an example of a: A. missense mutation B. silent mutation C. frameshift mutation D. nonsense mutationarrow_forwardIn general, all mutations can be considered harmful, because most genetic systems are already optimized to work correctly and efficiently. A. True b. False; mutations are considered harmful only if they have a direct effect on the ability of cells to synthesize DNA c. False; some mutations are harmful, and some are considered beneficialarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education