To explain:
The reason that why pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs) are necessary for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to fully function.
Introduction:
Immune response is a response of the body towards foreign particle which activates the immune system of host. The body mechanisms which protects against the infections include innate and adaptive defense. Innate is the non specific type of defense of body which develops quickly. It provides general response regardless of pathogen type and exposure numbers. It nonspecifically kills the pathogen that invades the body. Innate mechanism includes mechanical barrier, natural killer cell, species resistance, chemical barriers, fever, inflammation and phagocytosis.
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Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
- From the standpoint of defending the human body, why would it be beneficial for the cells that line the blood vessels to have TLRs on their surface?arrow_forwardWhy would the discovery of TLRs alter the view that innate immunity is non-specific?arrow_forwardMake a simple drawing of the functions of toll-like receptors.arrow_forward
- Why is the response to T-independent antigens important medically?arrow_forwardwhy does the adaptive defense in the body takes longer than innate defense to become functional?arrow_forwardAll of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except _____. a. they are soluble and bind to pathogen surfaces b. they participate only in innate immunity c. they are present in extracellular fluids, blood, and lymph d. they facilitate the phagocytosis of pathogens e. they are made as zymogens.arrow_forward
- Explain the reason that T-cells are so critical in recognizing and destroying virally-infected host cells.arrow_forwardWhy does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine induces both humoral and cell-mediated responses?arrow_forwardHow do TLRs recognize PAMPs?arrow_forward
- What are toll-like receptors? How do they work? What do they bind? Give an example of one and what it specifically binds. How did it help in the discovery of the innate immune system and its quick response? Contrast it to the adaptive immune system.arrow_forwardHow could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in damage to the host?arrow_forwardCan host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning