EBK PHYSICAL UNIVERSE
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780100255036
Author: KRAUSKOPF
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 65E
(a) Why are metamorphic rocks often found near plutons? (b) Where would you expect to find the wider zone of thermal metamorphism, near a dike or near a batholith?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK PHYSICAL UNIVERSE
Ch. 15 - The most abundant element in the earths crust is...Ch. 15 - The second most abundant element is a. iron b....Ch. 15 - Minerals are a. silicon compounds b. common types...Ch. 15 - The tendency of certain minerals to split along...Ch. 15 - Feldspar is a. relatively rare in the earths crust...Ch. 15 - Quartz is a. a variety of feldspar b. a variety of...Ch. 15 - A mineral that is not a silicate is a. quartz b....Ch. 15 - The ferromagnesian minerals are usually a....Ch. 15 - Igneous rocks have been formed by a. cooling from...Ch. 15 - Rocks that have been altered by heat and pressure...
Ch. 15 - Most crustal rocks a. were formed from compacted...Ch. 15 - A general characteristic of rocks of volcanic...Ch. 15 - Foliation occurs in a. sedimentary rocks b....Ch. 15 - An example of a foliated rock is a. marble b....Ch. 15 - An example of a light-colored, coarse-grained...Ch. 15 - Limestone may be metamorphosed into a. marble b....Ch. 15 - Shale may be metamorphosed into a. marble b....Ch. 15 - Mica is present in a. marble b. chert c. basalt d....Ch. 15 - Fossils are most likely to be found in a. granite...Ch. 15 - Most earthquakes are caused by shifts of rocks...Ch. 15 - Regions in which earthquakes are frequent are also...Ch. 15 - Relative to an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the...Ch. 15 - Which one or more of the following statements...Ch. 15 - The earths crust a. has very nearly the same...Ch. 15 - The part of the earth with the greatest volume is...Ch. 15 - The radius of the earths core is roughly a. 110...Ch. 15 - The rocks of the mantle are believed to consist...Ch. 15 - Among the reasons why the earths core is believed...Ch. 15 - The chief source of the energy that powers...Ch. 15 - The earths magnetic field a. never changes b. has...Ch. 15 - If we travel around the earth, we would find that...Ch. 15 - A rock readily attacked by chemical weathering is...Ch. 15 - The principal agent of erosion is a. groundwater...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is not produced by rivers?...Ch. 15 - Glaciers produce which one or more of the...Ch. 15 - The last stage in the erosion of a river is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37MCCh. 15 - A fairly fast valley glacier might have a speed of...Ch. 15 - Most of the groundwater present in soil and...Ch. 15 - An aquifer is a. a river or stream on the surface...Ch. 15 - The largest amounts of sediment are deposited a....Ch. 15 - Minerals deposited by groundwater in rock fissures...Ch. 15 - Most caves are produced by the solvent action of...Ch. 15 - The chief constituent of volcanic gases is a....Ch. 15 - Prob. 45MCCh. 15 - The most common volcanic rock is a. granite b....Ch. 15 - Prob. 47MCCh. 15 - Active volcanoes are not found a. in the West...Ch. 15 - A batholith is a a. fissure from which groundwater...Ch. 15 - Arrange these elements in decreasing order of...Ch. 15 - Do silicon compounds make up less than a quarter,...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between rocks and...Ch. 15 - What mineral is most abundant in the earths crust?...Ch. 15 - Both cleavage and crystal form are characteristic...Ch. 15 - Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms in...Ch. 15 - In the silicate minerals each Si4+ ion is always...Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish calcite crystals from...Ch. 15 - Are the mineral grains in an igneous rock usually...Ch. 15 - Granite and rhyolite have similar compositions,...Ch. 15 - Diorite is an igneous rock that has hardened...Ch. 15 - Obsidian is a rock that resembles glass, in...Ch. 15 - In what way does calcite differ from almost all...Ch. 15 - Of what rock do coral reefs consist?Ch. 15 - What is the nature of chert and why is it so...Ch. 15 - What kind of rocks are most abundant in the earths...Ch. 15 - What happens to the density of a rock that...Ch. 15 - Why is gneiss the most abundant metamorphic rock?Ch. 15 - The mineral grains of many metamorphic rocks are...Ch. 15 - Shale is a sedimentary rock that consolidated from...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the origin of limestone? (b) What rock...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the foliation of a metamorphic...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between quartz and quartzite.Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish (a) chert from obsidian;...Ch. 15 - How could you distinguish (a) granite from gabbro;...Ch. 15 - Name the following rocks: (a) a rock consisting of...Ch. 15 - Name the following rocks: (a) a fine-grained,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28ECh. 15 - Each step on the Richter scale of earthquake...Ch. 15 - What can be said about an earthquake whose...Ch. 15 - Why is the mantle thought to be solid?Ch. 15 - (a) Distinguish between earthquake P and S waves....Ch. 15 - In what part of the earth does the rock motion...Ch. 15 - An earthquake occurs far from an observing station...Ch. 15 - How does the radius of the earths core compare...Ch. 15 - Where is the earths crust thinnest? Where is it...Ch. 15 - What evidence is there in favor of the idea that...Ch. 15 - What is the source of the energy that powers most...Ch. 15 - (a) Why is it believed that the earths outer core...Ch. 15 - Why does a compass needle in most places not point...Ch. 15 - Why is it unlikely that the earths magnetic field...Ch. 15 - Prob. 42ECh. 15 - Why are igneous and metamorphic rocks in general...Ch. 15 - Both marble and slate are metamorphic rocks. Would...Ch. 15 - In what way is the weathering of rock important to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 46ECh. 15 - Is there a limit to the depth to which streams can...Ch. 15 - Why are streams and rivers so effective as agents...Ch. 15 - Under what circumstances does a glacier form?Ch. 15 - Which is the more important agent of erosion...Ch. 15 - Prob. 51ECh. 15 - How is it possible for glaciers to wear down rocks...Ch. 15 - What is a water table? An aquifer?Ch. 15 - What is the immediate destination of most of the...Ch. 15 - What is the eventual site of deposition of most...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between an alluvial fan and a moraine.Ch. 15 - Why are clay minerals and quartz particles...Ch. 15 - In sand derived from the attack of waves on...Ch. 15 - What is the probable origin of the following...Ch. 15 - What characteristic landscape features do active...Ch. 15 - Prob. 61ECh. 15 - What factors determine the viscosity of a magma?...Ch. 15 - What is the cause of the holes found in many...Ch. 15 - Prob. 64ECh. 15 - (a) Why are metamorphic rocks often found near...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between a dike and a vein.
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- What is the porosity of the formation if The bulk density of a brine saturated core sample is 1.9 gm/cc and the density of brine solution and the core matrix is 1.04 gm/cc and 2.55 gm/cc?arrow_forwardSuppose a team of scientists is studying the formation of an island chain generated by four extinct volcanoes. To determine when each volcano became extinct, the scientists calculated the age of the youngest layer of igneous rocks on each island. After a recent research trip, the identifying tag of a sample rock was lost. The scientists ask you to help identify the sample rock's parent volcano. The scientists give you some information. 1) The initial ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in the rock was 0.7129. 2) The decay constant, 1, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-1!. 3) The current isotope concentrations in the rock are 8" Sr = 126 ppm, 8'Rb = 218 ppm, and 8ºSr = 175 ppm. %3D Use the isochron equation to calculate the approximate age of the mystery rock. 87. Sto + 87 Sr [edr – 1] 86 Sr, 86 86 Where possible, retain at least four significant figures throughout your calculations, and round your final answer to the nearest 100 million years. million years t =arrow_forwardVolcanic rock is found to have a ratio of parent K-40 to daughter Ar-40 of 1/7. What is the minimum age of the rock? The half-life of K-40 is 1.3 billion years.arrow_forward
- Using the same dating method (U235 and Pb207), the amount of Pb207 found in layer H is 75% and the amount of U235 found in layer I is 50%. For at least how many million years had the layer H been exposed on the surface to receive weathering and erosion before layer I started to form?arrow_forwardThe IUGS uses percentage of minerals to classify the igneous rocks. Provide the assumptions used that leads to the usage of mineral percentages used for plotting ternary diagrams.arrow_forwardWhat biologic event is used by geologists to separate the Tertiary period from the Quaternary period?arrow_forward
- Describe the differences among primitive, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, and relate these differences to their origins.arrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. mineral (22.1) 2. silicates 3. Mohs scale 4. cleavage 5. rock (22.2) 6. igneous rocks 7. sedimentary rocks 8. metamorphic rocks 9. uniformitarianism 10. rock cycle 11. magma (22.3) 12. lava 13. plutons (22.4) 14. pyroclastics (tephra) 15. viscosity 16. caldera 17. sediment (22.5) 18. lithification 19. bedding 20. metamorphism (22.6) 21. contact metamorphism 22. shear metamorphism 23. regional metamorphism 24. foliation 25. hydrothermal metamorphism For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ The internal property of a substance that offers resistance to flowarrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. mineral (22.1) 2. silicates 3. Mohs scale 4. cleavage 5. rock (22.2) 6. igneous rocks 7. sedimentary rocks 8. metamorphic rocks 9. uniformitarianism 10. rock cycle 11. magma (22.3) 12. lava 13. plutons (22.4) 14. pyroclastics (tephra) 15. viscosity 16. caldera 17. sediment (22.5) 18. lithification 19. bedding 20. metamorphism (22.6) 21. contact metamorphism 22. shear metamorphism 23. regional metamorphism 24. foliation 25. hydrothermal metamorphism For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. f. _____ The basic understanding that ancient rocks were formed in the same way as modern rocksarrow_forward
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