EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134704227
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 15.4, Problem 11CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The ions and their directions that flow through stretch-sensitive ion channels.
Introduction: Baroreceptors are a type of mechanoreceptors that are present in the arteries. These receptors are sensitive to stretch, and they maintain the blood pressure. There are two types of baroreceptors. These are carotid baroreceptors and aortic baroreceptors. The role of carotid baroreceptors is to control the flow of blood to the brain. However, the aortic baroreceptors maintain the rate of blood flow to all the other parts of the body.
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Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye convert visible light into signals. They
have special ion channels that are open to Na+ only in the dark. Visible light
activation results in a change in membrane potential, as photons lead to closure of
Na+ channels.
Which of the following can you conclude? Select all that apply.
Photoreceptor membrane potential does not change in response to light
The photoreceptor cell is depolarized in the dark
The photoreceptor cells is depolarized with light
Photoreceptor cells hyperpolarize to light
Based on the attached figure (Figure 9.8 in the textbook), what is
the actual membrane mechanism mediating the light-induced
hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor?
(A) Dark
Rod outer segment
CGMP
0
CGMP
CGMP
CGMP
K+
Rod inner
segment
Inside
Obelecendra
EX
Ca²+
Na+
Outside
Na+ influx,
K+ efflux:
Depolarization
(B) Light
Rod outer segment
LIELITI
CGMP
reduced
Rod inner
segment
Ca2+
Na
Inside
Outside
Reduced Na+ influx,
K* efflux:
Hyperpolarization
You have a photoreceptor cell in a dish. You are recording its membrane potential while flashing different intensities of light. Which of the following would you observe?
Group of answer choices
The cell hyperpolarizes, with brighter light causing more hyperpolarization than dimmer lights
The cell depolarizes, with brighter light causing more depolarization than dimmer lights
If the light is bright enough to reach threshold, it will fire an action potential
No change in membrane potential will be observed
Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 15.2 - Would you expect to find valves in the veins...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.2 - Who has the higher pulse pressure, someone with...Ch. 15.2 - The formula given for calculating MAP applies to a...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 15.3 - Resistance to blood flow is determined primarily...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 15.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 15.3 - Skeletal muscle arterioles have both - and...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 11CCCh. 15.5 - Prob. 12CCCh. 15.5 - In the classic movie Jurassic Park, Dr. Ian...Ch. 15.6 - A man with liver disease loses the ability to...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 15CCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 16CCCh. 15.7 - Malnourished children who have inadequate protein...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - List the factors that aid venous return to the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8RQCh. 15 - Prob. 9RQCh. 15 - Prob. 10RQCh. 15 - Prob. 11RQCh. 15 - Most systemic arterioles are innervated by the...Ch. 15 - Match each event in the left column with all...Ch. 15 - Which organs receive more than two-thirds of the...Ch. 15 - By looking at the density of capillaries in a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Define edema. List some ways in which it can...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19RQCh. 15 - Prob. 20RQCh. 15 - Calcium channel blockers prevent Ca2+ movement...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RQCh. 15 - Prob. 23RQCh. 15 - Define myogenic autoregulation. What mechanisms...Ch. 15 - Left ventricular failure may be accompanied by...Ch. 15 - Robert is a 52-year-old nonsmoker. He weighs 180...Ch. 15 - The following figure is a schematic representation...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28RQCh. 15 - Draw a reflex map that explains Anthonys vasovagal...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RQCh. 15 - Prob. 31RQCh. 15 - Prob. 32RQCh. 15 - Prob. 33RQCh. 15 - Prob. 34RQCh. 15 - Prob. 35RQCh. 15 - Prob. 36RQCh. 15 - Prob. 37RQCh. 15 - Prob. 38RQCh. 15 - Prob. 39RQ
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- Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The absolute refractory period (when no amount of pressing the lever will produce another flush) is set by: the inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels the opening of voltage gated sodium channels the inactivation of voltage gated chloride channelsarrow_forwardIn terms of a gated channel what is the difference between a threshold stimulus and a sub threshold stimulus?arrow_forwardInput . a) light b) odorant c)sweet molecule d) epinenphrine Result 1.sensory cell depolarizes 2. sensory cell hyperpolarizes 3. no effect on sensory cell membrane potentialarrow_forward
- Which of the following occurs when light activates a photoreceptor? Choose all that apply. Glutamate will be released The cell will be depolarized Phosphodiesterase is inactivated [Sodium ions channels will be closed CGMP is presentarrow_forwardDr. Brainy creates a nerve cell that is only permeable to Caesium ions (Cs+1) at rest. She measures that the concentration of Caesium is 400mM outside the cell and only 50 mM inside the cell. She calculates the Equilibrium potential for Cs+¹ (Ecs) to be +35 mV. If Dr. Brainy uses an electrode to briefly hyperpolarize the cell and then removes the stimulus. She notices that the membrane potential drifts back towards: 0 mV +58 mV +15 mV + 35 mVarrow_forwardHow would the afferent pathway be affected by exposing this entire neuron to a drug that blocks voltage-gated Ca21 channels?arrow_forward
- In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials? No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low. The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between an EPSP and an IPSP? Select all that apply. An EPSP is actively reproduced as it travels along the axon, whereas an IPSP is a graded potential that decreases in strength with time and distance. An EPSP moves the cell closer to threshold, whereas an IPSP moves the cell away from threshold. An EPSP results from the movement of Cl- ions into the cell, whereas an IPSP results from movement of Na+ ions into the cell. An EPSP is a result of depolarization of the cell membrane, whereas an IPSP is a result of hyperpolarization of the membrane.arrow_forwardApplying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a brief burst of action potentials in the afferent neuron, which ceases until the pressure is removed, at which time another brief burst of action potentials occurs. If an experimenter removes the capsule and applies pressure directly to the afferent neuron ending, action potentials are continuously fired during the stimulus. Explain these results in the context ofadaptation.arrow_forward
- Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forwardIn the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the action potential (Note: you have to write in where phase 4 occurs). Describe what happens in each phase with a focus on Na+ and K+ flow through channels and the membrane potential. Discuss the importance of threshold. How does this relate to the concept of APs being all or none?arrow_forwardClassify the given items with the appropriate group. Voltage-gated sodium channels are opened then closed in the No amount of stimulus will initiate a second action inactivated state potential Occurs when voltage-gated Occurs about 1 millisecond after sodium channels have returned an action potential to resting state Another action potential can be initiated, but only with a particularly strong stimulus Neuron is hyperpolarized Absolute Refractive Period Relative Refractory Periodarrow_forward
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