(a)
Interpretation:
Each prduct as a lewis acid or a lewis base is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
A Lewis acid is a substance that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair. A Lewis base is a substance that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not involved in bonding but may form a dative bond with a lewis acid.
(a)
Answer to Problem 114IL
On the product side,
Explanation of Solution
A lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons from a lewis base. The boron in
Methyl ether
On the product side,
(b)
Interpretation:
Total pressure at equilibrium, partial pressure of lewis acid and lewis base has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
A Lewis acid is a substance that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair. A Lewis base is a substance that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not involved in bonding but may form a dative bond with a lewis acid.
Ideal gas equation,
Here,
(b)
Answer to Problem 114IL
The total pressure in the flask at Equilibrium is
Explanation of Solution
From ideal gas equation,
Here,
An equilibrium constant
An equilibrium constant
Where, partial pressure of gases is,
Where
Given:
The mass of boron ether complex is
The volume of the flask is
The temperature is
The gas constant
Molecular weight of complex is
Total number of moles is equal to the mass of the complex divided by the molecular weight of the complex,
Total pressure at equilibrium is calculated from equation
Set up an ICE table for the chemical reaction given in equation
Total number moles at Equilibrium is equal to
Substitute these values in equation
Now substitute the value of
Similarly,
The total pressure in the flask at Equilibrium is
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Chapter 16 Solutions
CHEMISTY+CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures of the reactants and product of each of the following equations, and identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each: (a) CS2+SHHCS3 (b) BF3+FBF4 (c) I+SnI2SnI3 (d) Al(OH)3+OHAl(OH)4 (e) F+SO3SFO3arrow_forwardWeak base B has a pKb of 6.78 and weak acid HA has a pKa of 5.12. a Which is the stronger base, B or A? b Which is the stronger acid, HA or BH+? c Consider the following reaction: B(aq)+HA(aq)BH+(aq)+A(aq) Based on the information about the acid/base strengths for the species in this reaction, is this reaction favored to proceed more to the right or more to the left? Why? d An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak base B is one half the concentration of its acidic salt, BHCl, where BH+ is the conjugate weak add of B. Calculate the pH of the solution. e An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak acid HA twice the concentration of the sodium salt of the weak acid, NaA. Calculate the pH of the solution. f Assume the conjugate pairs B/BH+ and HA/A are capable of being used as color-based end point indicators in acidbase titrations, where B is the base form indicator and BH is the acid form indicator, and HA is the acid form indicator and A is the base form indicator. Select the indicator pair that would be best to use in each of the following titrations: (1) Titration of a strong acid with a strong base. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/A (2) Titration of a weak base with a strong acid. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/Aarrow_forward
- Table 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some polyprotic acids. What is the difference between a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid, and a triprotic acid? Most polyprotic acids are weak acids; the major exception is H2SO4. To solve for the pH of a solution of H2SO4, you must generally solve a strong acid problem as well as a weak acid problem. Explain. Write out the reactions that refer to Ka1 and Ka2 for H2SO4. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.5 103, Ka2 = 6.2 108, and Ka3= 4.8 1013. Write out the reactions that refer to the Ka1, Ka2and Ka3equilibrium constants. What are the three acids in a solution of H3PO4? Which acid is strongest? What are the three conjugate bases in a solution of H3PO4? Which conjugate base is strongest? Summarize the strategy for calculating the pH of a polyprotic acid in water.arrow_forwardThe acid-dissociation constants of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at 25 degrees Celsius are Ka1 = 7.510-3, Ka2 =6.2 10-8, and Ka3 =4.210-13. What is the PH of a 2.5M aqueous solution of phosphoric acid?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures of the reactants and product of each of the following equations, and identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each:(a) CO2 + OH− ⟶ HCO3 −(b) B(OH)3 + OH− ⟶ B(OH)4 −(c) I− + I2 ⟶ I3 −(d) AlCl3 + Cl− ⟶ AlCl4 − (use Al-Cl single bonds)(e) O2− + SO3 ⟶ SO4 2−arrow_forward
- Rainwater is acidic because CO2(g) dissolves in the water, creating carbonic acid, H2CO3. If the rainwater is too acidic, it will react with limestone and seashells (which are principally made of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). Calculate the concentrations of carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and carbonate ion (CO32-) that are in a raindrop that has a pH of 5.60, assuming that the sum of all three species in the raindrop is 1.0 * 10-5 M.arrow_forwardCalculate the degree of dissociation (%) for a 0.10 M aqueous solution of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at a temperature, where its acid constant value is pKHCN = 9.2.arrow_forwardThe simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, –NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, –CO2H. An amino acid can function aseither an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3.(a) Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH.(b) Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water.arrow_forward
- 8. (a) HA(aq) is a weak acid with a dissociation constant, Ka, of 8.8 x 10−12. What is the pH of a 0.022 M solution of A−(aq)? The temperature is 25 ◦C. (b) For the reaction A(g) =A(l), the equilibrium constant is 0.666 at 25.0 ◦C and 0.222 at 75.0 ◦C. Making the approximation that the entropy and enthalpy changes of this reaction do not change with temperature, at what temperature will the equilibrium constant be equal to 0.777?arrow_forwardThe simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -CO2H. An amino acid can function as either an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3. a. Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH. b. Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water. (Hint: Consider the relative base strengths of the -NH2 and -CO2- groups.)arrow_forwardThe pH of an aqueous solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) is 2.0. What is the initial molar concentration of CH3COOH, if its acid ionization constant is Ka = 1.8×10–5?arrow_forward
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