Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021510
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Kenneth Goldsby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 16.149IME
Aspirin is a weak acid with pKa = 3.5. What is the ratio of neutral (protonated) aspirin to deprotonated aspirin in the following body fluids: (a) saliva, (b) gastric juices in the stomach, and (c) blood?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 16.2 - What is the pH of a solution containing 0.30 M...Ch. 16.3 - Which of the following couples are buffer systems:...Ch. 16.3 - Calculate the pH of the 0.30 M NH3/0.36 M NH4Cl...Ch. 16.3 - How would you prepare a liter of carbonate buffer...Ch. 16.3 - The diagrams (a)(d) represent solutions containing...Ch. 16.4 - Exactly 100 mL of 0.10 M nitrous acid (HNO2) are...Ch. 16.4 - Calculate the pH at the equivalence point in the...Ch. 16.4 - For which of the following titrations will the pH...Ch. 16.5 - Referring to Table 16.1, specify which indicator...Ch. 16.5 - Under what conditions will the end point of an...
Ch. 16.6 - The diagrams (a)(d) represent solutions of AgCl,...Ch. 16.6 - The solubility of lead chromate (PbCrO4) is 4.5 ...Ch. 16.6 - Calculate the solubility of silver chloride (AgCl)...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 10PECh. 16.7 - The solubility products of AgCl and Ag3PO4 are 1.6...Ch. 16.7 - AgNO3 is slowly added to a solution that contains...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. 12PECh. 16.9 - Is the solubility of the following compounds...Ch. 16.9 - Calculate whether or not a precipitate will form...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 15PECh. 16.10 - Calculate the molar solubility of AgBr in a 1.0 M...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 1RCCh. 16 - Use Le Chteliers principle to explain how the...Ch. 16 - Describe the effect on pH (increase, decrease, or...Ch. 16 - The pKas of two monoprotic acids HA and HB are 5.9...Ch. 16 - Determine the pH of (a) a 0.40 M CH3COOH solution,...Ch. 16 - Determine the pH of (a) a 0.20 M NH3 solution, (b)...Ch. 16 - What is a buffer solution? What constitutes a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following has the greatest buffer...Ch. 16 - Which of the following solutions can act as a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following solutions can act as a...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of the buffer system made up of...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of the following two buffer...Ch. 16 - The pH of a bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer is...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of the buffer 0.10 M Na2HPO4/0.15 M...Ch. 16 - The pH of a sodium acetateacetic acid buffer is...Ch. 16 - The pH of blood plasma is 7.40. Assuming the...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of the 0.20 M NH3/0.20 M NH4Cl...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of 1.00 L of the buffer 1.00 M...Ch. 16 - A student is asked to prepare a buffer solution at...Ch. 16 - The diagrams (a)(d) contain one or more of the...Ch. 16 - The diagrams shown here represent solutions...Ch. 16 - How much NaOH (in moles) must be added to 1 L of a...Ch. 16 - How much HCl (in moles) must be added to 1 L of a...Ch. 16 - Briefly describe what happens in an acid-base...Ch. 16 - Sketch titration curves for the following...Ch. 16 - A 0.2688-g sample of a monoprotic acid neutralizes...Ch. 16 - A 5.00-g quantity of a diprotic acid was dissolved...Ch. 16 - In a titration experiment, 12.5 mL of 0.500 M...Ch. 16 - In a titration experiment, 20.4 mL of 0.883 M...Ch. 16 - A 0.1276-g sample of an unknown monoprotic acid...Ch. 16 - A solution is made by mixing 5.00 102 mL of 0.167...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH at the equivalence point for the...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH at the equivalence point for the...Ch. 16 - A 25.0-mL solution of 0.100 M CH3COOH is titrated...Ch. 16 - A 10.0-mL solution of 0.300 M NH3 is titrated with...Ch. 16 - The diagrams shown here represent solutions at...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.38QPCh. 16 - A 0.054 M HNO2 solution is titrated with a KOH...Ch. 16 - A student titrates an unknown monoprotic acid with...Ch. 16 - Explain how an acid-base indicator works in a...Ch. 16 - The amount of indicator used in an acid-base...Ch. 16 - Referring to Table 16.1, specify which indicator...Ch. 16 - A student carried out an acid-base titration by...Ch. 16 - The ionization constant Ka of an indicator HIn is...Ch. 16 - Use BaSO4 to distinguish between solubility, molar...Ch. 16 - Why do we usually not quote the Ksp values for...Ch. 16 - Write balanced equations and solubility product...Ch. 16 - Write the solubility product expression for the...Ch. 16 - How can we predict whether a precipitate will form...Ch. 16 - Silver chloride has a larger Ksp than silver...Ch. 16 - From the solubility data given, calculate the...Ch. 16 - The molar solubility of MnCO3 is 4.2 106 M. What...Ch. 16 - The solubility of an ionic compound MX (molar mass...Ch. 16 - The solubility of an ionic compound M2X3 (molar...Ch. 16 - Using data from Table 16.2, calculate the molar...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.59QPCh. 16 - The pH of a saturated solution of a metal...Ch. 16 - If 20.0 mL of 0.10 M Ba(NO3)2 are added to 50.0 mL...Ch. 16 - A volume of 75 mL of 0.060 M NaF is mixed with 25...Ch. 16 - Solid NaI is slowly added to a solution that is...Ch. 16 - Find the approximate pH range suitable for the...Ch. 16 - How does the common ion effect influence...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.66QPCh. 16 - How many grams of CaCO3 will dissolve in 3.0 102...Ch. 16 - The solubility product of PbBr2 is 8.9 106....Ch. 16 - Calculate the molar solubility of AgCl in a 1.00-L...Ch. 16 - Calculate the molar solubility of BaSO4 (a) in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.71QPCh. 16 - Which of the following will be more soluble in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.73QPCh. 16 - Calculate the molar solubility of Fe(OH)2 in a...Ch. 16 - The solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.2 1011....Ch. 16 - Calculate whether or not a precipitate will form...Ch. 16 - If 2.50 g of CuSO4 are dissolved in 9.0 102 mL of...Ch. 16 - Calculate the concentrations of Cd2+, Cd(CN3)42,...Ch. 16 - If NaOH is added to 0.010 M Al3+, which will be...Ch. 16 - Calculate the molar solubility of AgI in a 1.0 M...Ch. 16 - Both Ag+ and Zn2+ form complex ions with NH3....Ch. 16 - Explain, with balanced ionic equations, why (a)...Ch. 16 - Outline the general procedure of qualitative...Ch. 16 - Give two examples of metal ions in each group (1...Ch. 16 - In a group 1 analysis, a student obtained a...Ch. 16 - In a group 1 analysis, a student adds HCl acid to...Ch. 16 - Both KCl and NH4Cl are white solids. Suggest one...Ch. 16 - Describe a simple test that would enable you to...Ch. 16 - To act as an effective buffer, the concentrations...Ch. 16 - The pKa of the indicator methyl orange is 3.46....Ch. 16 - The iodide impurity in a 4.50-g sample of a metal...Ch. 16 - A sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution was...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.95QPCh. 16 - A 200-mL volume of NaOH solution was added to 400...Ch. 16 - The pKa of butyric acid (HBut) is 4.7. Calculate...Ch. 16 - A solution is made by mixing 5.00 102 mL of 0.167...Ch. 16 - Cd(OH)2 is an insoluble compound. It dissolves in...Ch. 16 - A student mixes 50.0 mL of 1.00 M Ba(OH)2 with...Ch. 16 - For which of the following reactions is the...Ch. 16 - A 2.0-L kettle contains 116 g of boiler scale...Ch. 16 - Equal volumes of 0.12 M AgNO3 and 0.14 M ZnCl2...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.104QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.105QPCh. 16 - A volume of 25.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl is titrated...Ch. 16 - The molar solubility of Pb(IO3)2 in a 0.10 M NaIO3...Ch. 16 - When a KI solution was added to a solution of...Ch. 16 - Barium is a toxic substance that can seriously...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.110QPCh. 16 - Solid NaBr is slowly added to a solution that is...Ch. 16 - Cacodylic acid is (CH3)2AsO2H. Its ionization...Ch. 16 - Radiochemical techniques are useful in estimating...Ch. 16 - The molar mass of a certain metal carbonate, MCO3,...Ch. 16 - Acid-base reactions usually go to completion....Ch. 16 - Calculate x, which is the number of molecules of...Ch. 16 - Describe how you would prepare a 1-L 0.20 M...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.118QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.119QPCh. 16 - What reagents would you employ to separate the...Ch. 16 - Look up the Ksp values for BaSO4 and SrSO4 in...Ch. 16 - In principle, amphoteric oxides, such as Al2O3 and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.123QPCh. 16 - When lemon juice is squirted into tea, the color...Ch. 16 - How many milliliters of 1.0 M NaOH must be added...Ch. 16 - The maximum allowable concentration of Pb2+ ions...Ch. 16 - Which of the following solutions has the highest...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.129QPCh. 16 - Water containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is called hard...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.131QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.132QPCh. 16 - (a) Referring to Figure 16.6, describe how you...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.135QPCh. 16 - One way to distinguish a buffer solution with an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.137QPCh. 16 - A sample of 0.96 L of HCl at 372 mmHg and 22C is...Ch. 16 - (a) Assuming complete dissociation and no ion-pair...Ch. 16 - Calculate the maximum mass (in grams) of each of...Ch. 16 - A 1.0-L saturated silver carbonate solution at 5C...Ch. 16 - The two curves shown represent the titration of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.143QPCh. 16 - A 100-mL 0.100 M CuSO4 solution is mixed with a...Ch. 16 - The titration curve shown represents the titration...Ch. 16 - The titration curve shown represents the titration...Ch. 16 - Use appropriate equations to account for the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.148IMECh. 16 - Aspirin is a weak acid with pKa = 3.5. What is the...
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- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardTartaric acid is a weak diprotic fruit acid with Ka1 = 1.0 103 and Ka2 = 4.6 105. a Letting the symbol H2A represent tartaric acid, write the chemical equations that represent Ka1 and Ka2. Write the chemical equation that represents Ka1 Ka2. b Qualitatively describe the relative concentrations of H2A, HA, A2, and H3O+ in a solution that is about 0.5 M in tartaric acid. c Calculate the pH of a 0 0250 M tartaric acid solution and the equilibrium concentration of [H2A]. d What is the A2 concentration in solutions b and c?arrow_forwardThe pigment cyanidin aglycone is one of the anthocyanin molecules that gives red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) its characteristic red coloration. Many chemistry students have used this red cabbage indicator to study acid-base chemistry. Estimate tire pH range at which cyanidin agly-cone shows a color change. Anth-H(aq) Anth(aq) + H+ (aq) Ka = 1.3 107arrow_forward
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- What is the ionization constant at 25 C for the weak acid (CH3)2 NH2+, the conjugate acid of the weak base (CH3)2NH, Kb=5.9104?arrow_forwardWhat is the concentration of the lactate ion in a 1.00 M lactic acid solution given that the Ka of HCH3H5O3 is 1.38 × 10−4?arrow_forwardDuring the fermentation of wine, a buffer system consisting of tartaric acid and potassium hydrogen tartrate is produced by a biochemical reaction. Assuming that at some time the concentration of potassium hydrogen tartrate is twice that of tartaric acid, calculate the pH of the wine. The pKa of tartaric acid is 2.96.arrow_forward
- when chlorine gas is added to water during the disinfection of drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form HOCL. The disinfection power of the acid HOCL is 88 times better than its conjugate base, OCl-. The pKa for HOCl is 7.5. (a) what percentage of the total disinfection power exists in the acid form at pH of 6?arrow_forwardThe pH of a 0.45 M solution of a weak acid, HA, is 2.13. What is the value of Ka for the weak acid?arrow_forwardHydrogen cyanide, HCN(aq), is a weak acid with pKa = 9.2. What is thepH of 2.5 M HCN(aq)?arrow_forward
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