Concept explainers
What does the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis state?
a. Genes are composed of stretches of DNA.
b. Genes are made of protein.
c. Genes code for ribozymes.
d. A single gene codes for a single protein.
Introduction:
Gene expression is a process by which the genetic information from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is copied to RNA (ribonucleic acid), that functions to translate it into proteins by the process of translation. Proteins are coded by genes present on the chromosomes. Enzymes are proteins having complex structures. Their enzymatic activity is determined by their complex globular structures. They function to accelerate the speed of any chemical reaction. They act on a substrate and converts it into product. They are not used up in the reaction they catalyze, but they can be recycled in the process so that they can catalyze a new round of reaction.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
The hypothesis of one-gene one-enzyme states that a single protein is encoded by a single gene.
Explanation of Solution
Justification/ Explanation for the correct answer:
Option (d) is given that a single gene is meant for coding a single protein. One gene one enzyme hypothesis was given in 1941 by Edward Tatum and George wells beadle. The theory says that one gene is responsible for the expression of one enzyme that catalyzes a single step of a metabolic pathway. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Explanation for the incorrect answers:
Option (a) is given that the hypothesis one gene one enzyme states that genes are made of stretches of DNA. However, this is not so, as the hypothesis says that one gene is responsible for the coding and expression of one protein or enzyme. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (b) is given that one-gene one-enzyme tells that proteins forms the genes. This is not the meaning of the hypothesis given because these are the genes which are present as information in the DNA and are first transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) is given that one-gene one-enzyme hypothesis states that the ribozymes are encoded by the genes. Ribozymes are the enzymes that catalyzes particular type of chemical reactions. They are not the proteins but they are the RNA molecules. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the hypothesis one-gene one-enzyme states that a single protein is encoded by a single gene and that single protein will take part in one reaction of the metabolic pathway.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biological Science (Custom)
- The One Gene One Enzyme Hypothesis (Beadle and Tatum, 1941) stated that each gene codes for a single enzyme. Summarize the advancements that have made the One Gene One Enzyme Hypothesis obsolete.arrow_forwardIn detail explain what is the one gene/one enzyme hypothesisarrow_forwardWhich scenario would NOT cause a change to the amino acid that is added to a polypeptide chain? a. The mRNA sequence UCC changes to UCG. b. The mRNA sequence UCU changes to UAA. c. The mRNA sequence UCU changes to UUU. d. The mRNA sequence UCU changes to UGC. e. The mRNA sequence CGG changes to CAG.arrow_forward
- Explain one gene/one enzyme hypothesis in detailarrow_forwardAnswer the question below based on your own understanding; Why do you think all organisms use nucleic acids for encoding genetic information? Why not use proteins or carbohydrates? What advantages might DNA have as the source of genetic information?arrow_forwardIn order to isolate the DNA or RNA from the cells, what would be the first step? a. to block the mucleus from digesting the nucleic acid b.To precipiate the nucleic acid c. To break down the plasma membrane and the cell walls (plant cells) d.To remove protiens from the solutionsarrow_forward
- What is the role of Proteinase K in DNA isolation? A. Inhibit enzymes B Catalyze breakdown of nuclei acids C Degrade proteins D Remove disultide bongs in proteinsarrow_forwardWhat is a proteome? a. The collection of all genes encoding proteins b. The collection of all proteins encoded by the genome c. The collection of all proteins present in a cell d. The amino acid sequence of a proteinarrow_forwardWhich is true of Prokaryote cells? A) Because their DNA exists in a nucleoid area, the synthesis of proteins depends on random interactions between mRNA and rRNA, B) They contain membrane-bounded compartments or organelles. C) A true nucleus contains the DNA in the form of chromosomes D) Some contain mitochondria E) They contain many organelles in the cytoplasmarrow_forward
- Give an example of a hypothesis that you will test to answer the research lab? In this lab you will use the enzyme catalase that is found in potato cells, to break down hydrogen peroxide. You will discover how this reaction is altered with changes in environmentalconditions.arrow_forwardWhy was the development of enzymes fundamental to the evolution of life? a) without enzymes, the activation energy for essential reactions was too low b) enzymes allowed for high rate of catalysis at relatively low temperatures c) enzymes reduced the cellular demand for ATP d) enzymes allowed for reactions to occur spontaneouslyarrow_forwardWhat is the role of transcription in the determination of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain? A. It pairs anticodons and codons. B. It synthesizes an mRNA strand. C. It duplicates the information in DNA. D. It decodes the information from mRNA.arrow_forward
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