21ST CENTURY ASTR.:STARS..(LL)-PACKAGE
21ST CENTURY ASTR.:STARS..(LL)-PACKAGE
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393448450
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 16, Problem 33QP

(a)

To determine

The brightness of a star at the top of giant branch to that of the main sequence.

(b)

To determine

The brightness of a star at the top of giant branch to that of the horizontal branch.

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For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into helium per second? Use the formula that you derive to estimate the mass of hydrogen atoms that are converted into helium in the interior of the sun (LSun = 3.9 x 1026 W). (Note: the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 mproton and the mass of a helium atom is 3.97 mproton. You need four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium nucleus.)
The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars.  It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙. If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
Select all of the statements about the main sequence stage in the life of a star that are TRUE:   All stars spend the majority of their lives in the main sequence stage.   Most stars lose a significant amount of mass while they are on the Main Sequence.   Different stars spend a different amounts of time (number of years) in the main sequence stage, depending on the characteristics they were born with.   Main sequence stars are rare in the Galaxy, so we are lucky to be living around one.   During the main sequence stage, energy to power the star is provided by the fusion of hydrogen.
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