Concept explainers
70-Year-Old Male with Polyuria
Mr. Gutteman, a 70-year-old male, was brought into the ER. He had been sick several days with the flu, and was found confused and barely conscious by his daughter.
Mr. Gutteman is breathing rapidly and has a fever of 39°C (102°F). His skin is dry and flaccid, his mucous membranes are dry, and his eyes are sunken. The physician ordered:
•IV (intravenous) fluid and electrolyte replacement
•Blood and urine tests for presence of glucose and ketones
•Strict I&O [careful measurement of fluid intake (e.g., IV, drinking) and output (e.g., urine)]
3. Mr. Gutteman's diagnosis is diabetes insipidus. His daughter is concerned about this, because she knows diabetes is a dangerous disease. She asks whether he will have to follow a diabetic diet. What’s your answer?
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HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (LCPO)
- Mrs. G HISTORY Mrs. G, a 62-year-old white woman, was seen in the emergency department for complaints of increasing shortness of breath. She stated that she had the flu approximately 1½ weeks earlier and that her breathing has been more difficult since that time. Her ankles have been swollen for the first time, and sleeping during this time has required "two pillows to support her." She stated that occasionally she awakens in the middle of the night noticeably short of breath. These episodes of nocturnal dyspnea are relieved by sitting up for several minutes. She has been producing ¼ cup of yellow sputum since the onset of the flu. Her exercise tolerance was 1 block but is now 20 feet. Mrs. G stated that 7 years ago her family physician told her she had pulmonary emphysema. Mrs. G started smoking at age 12 and smoked approximately 2 packs of cigarettes a day until she quit 2 years ago. Mrs. G took the following home medications: small-volume nebulizer (SVN) with metaproterenol four…arrow_forwardPathophysiology and clinical management - Digestive-Accessory Organs) Question: How is total bilirubin and fractionated bilirubin used to diagnose the problem as hemolytic, hepatic, and/or biliary?arrow_forwardPatient R., 32 y/o, was delivered with complaints of fatigue, decrease of appetite, intensification of pigmentation in the open areas of the body, palms of the hands, cyanosis, losing weight, nausea and vomiting. The symptoms began to aggravate during 1-2 weeks after acute poisoning. Objectively: arterial pressure – 60/30 mm column of mercury, pulse – 140 beats/minute, skin turgor is lowered, the colour is dark with intense pigmentation of the elbows, scars, skin folds on the palms; clearly low levels of sodium and chlorine, high levels of potassium in the blood; glycemia – 4.3 mmol/l. What is your diagnosis?A. Addisonian crisisB. Uremic coma C. Brain comaD. Acute cardio-vascular insufficiencyE. Hypoglycemic comaarrow_forward
- Female, 26 years old, married. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, vomiting for 20 hours After 24 hours of eating, the patient developed abdominal discomfort, paroxysmal with nausea, vomiting stomach contents, fever and diarrhea several times, loose stools, no pus and blood, body temperature 37-38.5°C, come to our hospital for emergency, the routine test of stool was negative. She was treated according to "acute gastroenteritis". The abdominal pain worsened in the evening, accompanied by fever of 38.6°C. Then, the abdominal pain moved from the stomach to the right lower abdomen, and there was still diarrhea, she come to see a doctor again at night, check blood routine WBC21×10%/L, and be admitted to the hospital urgently. Previous history: healthy, no history of drug allergy. Physical examination: T38.7°C, P120/min, BP 100/70mmHg, no bleeding spots and rashes on the skin all over the body, no large superficial lymph nodes, no pallor of the conjunctiva, no yellow staining of the sclera,…arrow_forwardFemale, 40 years old, sudden right upper abdomen and heart fossa knife colic with paroxysmal exacerbation for 1 day, 12 hours after the onset, chills, high fever, yellow sclera, deep tenderness on the right side of the xiphoid process, mild muscle tension in the right upper abdomen, Body temperature 38℃, WBC15×109/L, TBIL 65umol/L, urobilinogen (-), urinary bilirubin (2+), she should be diagnosed as( ) Acute pancreatitis Acute cholecystitis Common bile duct stones High appendicitis Duodenal perforationarrow_forwardDOB: 28 Jun 1961 | GENDER: FEMALE SITUATION Mrs Donna Hovey is a 60-year-old female who was admitted to the ward two (2) days ago for pneumonia. She is now complaining of mild pressure in her chest (rated 4/10) that started 10 minutes ago while she was lying on the bed. Mrs Hovey states she also has a slight ache in the underside of her upper left arm.She is diaphoretic and feeling a little nauseated. Mrs Hovey has developed slight shortness of breath. Her peripheries are a little cool to touch BACKGROUND Mrs Hovey has a history of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), hypertension andbeginning Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). She had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery six (6) years ago with Saphenous Vein grafts to her Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery and diagonal branch. Mrs Hovey also had a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting to her Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Posterior Descending Artery (PDA). ASSESSMENT Her observations at…arrow_forward
- DOB: 28 Jun 1961 | GENDER: FEMALE SITUATION Mrs Donna Hovey is a 60-year-old female who was admitted to the ward two (2) days ago for pneumonia. She is now complaining of mild pressure in her chest (rated 4/10) that started 10 minutes ago while she was lying on the bed. Mrs Hovey states she also has a slight ache in the underside of her upper left arm.She is diaphoretic and feeling a little nauseated. Mrs Hovey has developed slight shortness of breath. Her peripheries are a little cool to touch BACKGROUND Mrs Hovey has a history of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), hypertension and beginning Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). She had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery six (6) years ago with Saphenous Vein grafts to her Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery and diagonal branch. Mrs Hovey also had a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting to her Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Posterior Descending Artery (PDA). ASSESSMENT Her…arrow_forwardDOB: 28 Jun 1961 | GENDER: FEMALE SITUATION Mrs Donna Hovey is a 60-year-old female who was admitted to the ward two (2) days ago for pneumonia. She is now complaining of mild pressure in her chest (rated 4/10) that started 10 minutes ago while she was lying on the bed. Mrs Hovey states she also has a slight ache in the underside of her upper left arm.She is diaphoretic and feeling a little nauseated. Mrs Hovey has developed slight shortness of breath. Her peripheries are a little cool to touch BACKGROUND Mrs Hovey has a history of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), hypertension and beginning Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). She had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery six (6) years ago with Saphenous Vein grafts to her Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery and diagonal branch. Mrs Hovey also had a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting to her Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Posterior Descending Artery (PDA). ASSESSMENT Her…arrow_forwardDOB: 28 Jun 1961 | GENDER: FEMALE SITUATION Mrs Donna Hovey is a 60-year-old female who was admitted to the ward two (2) days ago for pneumonia. She is now complaining of mild pressure in her chest (rated 4/10) that started 10 minutes ago while she was lying on the bed. Mrs Hovey states she also has a slight ache in the underside of her upper left arm.She is diaphoretic and feeling a little nauseated. Mrs Hovey has developed slight shortness of breath. Her peripheries are a little cool to touch BACKGROUND Mrs Hovey has a history of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), hypertension and beginning Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). She had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery six (6) years ago with Saphenous Vein grafts to her Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery and diagonal branch. Mrs Hovey also had a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting to her Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Posterior Descending Artery (PDA). ASSESSMENT Her observations at…arrow_forward
- Male, 29 year old, old, admitted to emergency department due with abdominal pain for 2 days. The patient had a sudden attack of total abdominal pain 2 days ago, especially in the right lower abdomen. It was paroxysmal colic, accompanied by intestinal ringing, and he vomited many times. The vomit turned from a green color to a fecal odor. In the past two days, he did not eat or drink with no flatus and defecation, and had little urine and no fever. He had an appendectomy three years ago. Physical examination: acute appearance, clear mind, BP 100/60mmHg, P 132/min, t 37.5 °C, no yellow dye, dry skin, poor elasticity. The heart and lungs are normal. The abdomen is distended, no intestinal type is found, the whole abdomen is soft by palpation, there is extensive slight tenderness, no rebound pain, no mass is touched, the liver and spleen are not enlarged, the bowel sounds are high. was was Auxiliary examination: HB 160g/L, WBC 10.6 × 10%L, negative urine routine test. X-ray showed multiple…arrow_forwardD. is a 10-month-old boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at a children’s hospital from a fire station. The mother brought the boy in after he fell on the edge of a coffee table, splitting his lip. Unable to stop the bleeding after 20 minutes, the mother drove to a nearby fire station for help. The boy appears pale, with some bruising noted on his extremities. He is afebrile and does not appear acutely ill. Lab work shows a platelet count of 150,000, with normal bleeding and prothrombin time. Select a potential diagnosis for P.D. and describe the pathophysiology of that diagnosis. How does the pathophysiology explain P.D.’s physical exam and lab findings?arrow_forwardNursing question [3. make table to differentiate ITP, TTP, HIT, DIC.arrow_forward
- Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College