ESSENTIAL COSMIC PERS.-W/MASTER.ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135795750
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 46EAP
The Case for Black Holes. Consider four sets of evidence for the exis-tence of black holes: (1) observations of x-ray binary systems; (2) observations of gravitational waves from mergers of black holes; (3) observations of star orbits at the center of the Milky Way; (4) observations of the center of M87. For each case, briefly summarize the observational evidence and state the implied black hole mass (or masses). Then rank the sets in order of how com-pelling you find the evidence. Justify your opinions.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
ESSENTIAL COSMIC PERS.-W/MASTER.ACCESS
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 16 - Answer questions 1-3 based on Figure 16.18,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 5VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 4EAP
Ch. 16 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 6EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 7EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 26EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 16 - The Case for Black Holes. Consider four sets of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 16 - Unanswered Questions. Briefly describe one...Ch. 16 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 16 - Hubble’s Galaxy Types. How would you classify the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 16 - Galaxies at Great Distances. The most distant...Ch. 16 - Universe on a Balloon. In what ways is the surface...Ch. 16 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 59EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 61EAP
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- Which statement concerning black hole masses and Schwarzschild radii is not true? A. Even an object as small as you could become a black hole if there were some way to compress you to a size smaller than your Schwarzschild radius. B. The more massive the black hole, the larger the Schwarzschild radius. C. For black holes produced in massive star supernovae, Schwarzschild radii are typically a few to a few tens of kilometers. D. In a binary system with a black hole, the Schwarzschild radius depends on the distance from the black hole to the companion star.arrow_forwardGravitational forces are affected by two variable. List these two variable and indicate how they can lead to the formation of black holes. Use the word "event horizon" in your answer and indicate what it means.arrow_forwardCalculate the Schwarzschild Radius for the following: 1. a black hole with the mass of you (estimate your mass to be 51.8 kg)arrow_forward
- Once again in this chapter, we see the use of Kepler’s third law to estimate the mass of supermassive black holes. In the case of NGC 4261, this chapter supplied the result of the calculation of the mass of the black hole in NGC 4261. In order to get this answer, astronomers had to measure the velocity of particles in the ring of dust and gas that surrounds the black hole. How high were these velocities? Turn Kepler’s third law around and use the information given in this chapter about the galaxy NGC 4261-the mass of the black hole at its center and the diameter of the surrounding ring of dust and gas-to calculate how long it would take a dust particle in the ring to complete a single orbit around the black hole. Assume that the only force acting on the dust particle is the gravitational force exerted by the black hole. Calculate the velocity of the dust particle in km/s.arrow_forward(Astronomy) Black Hole Gravity I. If the gravitational acceleration is g=GM/r^2, what gravitational acceleration does a particle feel at the Schwarzshild radius of a 12-solar-mass black hole star? Express your answer in units of m/s2. Please round your answer to three significant digits.arrow_forwardplanetary nebuls white dwarf 7. If a car was on the highway and was trying to pass another car and went from a speed of 60 m/s to 75 m/s in 3 seconds, what was the acceleration of tha car? (1 point) O 15 m/s2 O-3 m/s2 O -15 m/s? O 5 m/s2 O 3 m/s2 zs/w S- O 8. What is thearrow_forward
- Problem 2: Black hole – the ultimate blackbody A black hole emits blackbody radiation called Hawking radiation. A black hole with mass M has a total energy of Mc², a surface area of 167G²M² /c*, and a temperature of hc³/167²KGM. a) Estimate the typical wavelength of the Hawking radiation emitted by a 1 solar mass black hole (2 × 103ºkg). Compare your answer to the size of the black hole. b) Calculate the total power radiated by a one-solar mass black hole. c) Imagine a black hole in empty space, where it emits radiation but absorbs nothing. As it loses energy, its mass must decrease; one could say "evaporates". Derive a differential equation for the mass as a function of time, and solve to obtain an expression for the lifetime of a black hole in terms of its mass.arrow_forward2. How much mass would a black hole contain if it has an event horizon equal in size to an average sized tennis ball? Express your first answer, using scientific (powers of ten) notation, in kg and also express the same answer in "Earth masses." answer: Mo = kg = × MẸarrow_forwardBlack holes radiate emission through Hawking radiation: (a) Calculate the luminosity (in W) of a 100 solar mass black hole? (b) Calculate the fractional differences in temperature and luminosity between a 100 and 10 solar mass black hole? (c) Calculate the mass of a black hole which has peak radiation at optical wavelength (500 nm)?arrow_forward
- 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 Cosmic background data from COBE 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 10 Wavelength A in mm c) Background (CMB) undertaken by the COBE satellite. Use this diagram to estimate the current temperature of the CMB. Based on your estimate, what would the temperature of the CMB have been at a redshift of z = 5000? The left hand diagram above shows the results from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Radiated Intensity per Unit Wavelength (16° Watts/m per mm)arrow_forwardGM What is the orbital period of a bit of matter in an accretion disk that is located 3 x 105 km from a 29 M. black hole? (Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, V. = Varrow_forwardCalculate your body’s volume.Next, assume that the nuclei are densely packed. Atomic distances are replaced by the radii of the nuclei. What would your body’s volume be like?How tall would you be? Could you become a black hole?arrow_forward
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