Concept explainers
To determine:
The reason as to why a patient who is producing extremely low levels of IgG and IgM antibodies should not receive numerous vaccinations against a broad spectrum of common pathogens.
Concept introduction:
Vaccination is the process of transferring attenuated microbes inside an organism so that the immune system recognizes the microbes and produce antibodies for the future encounter with the microbe.
To determine:
The treatment that could be beneficial to the patient.
Concept introduction:
Immunoglobulin refers to the fraction of blood plasma which contains immunoglobulin’s, or also known as antibodies. The immunoglobulins (Igs) in the plasma include IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, and IgE.
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GEN COMBO LOOSELEAF MICROBIOLOGY:A SYSTEMS APPROACH; CONNECT ACCESS CARD
- Ms. House, a 32-year-old Hispanic woman, has had a history of intermittent pleuritic chest pain and joint pain for the past several years. Recently, she went to her physician because she noticed that an erythematous, butterfly-shaped rash had appeared on her face. Further lab tests indicated protein in her urine. Her blood test indicated the presence of numerous antinuclear antibodies, especially anti-DNA, and mature neutrophils containing nuclear material. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made. Discussion Questions Discuss how the presence of antibodies can cause such widespread damage in organ systems. (See SLE—Pathophysiology.) Discuss treatments for SLE and a prognosis for the patient in this case. (See SLE—Treatment.)arrow_forwardMs. House, a 32-year-old Hispanic woman, has had a history of intermittent pleuritic chest pain and joint pain for the past several years. Recently, she went to her physician because she noticed that an erythematous, butterfly-shaped rash had appeared on her face. Further lab tests indicated protein in her urine. Her blood test indicated the presence of numerous antinuclear antibodies, especially anti-DNA, and mature neutrophils containing nuclear material. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made. Discussion Questions Discuss possible reasons why SLE was not diagnosed earlier. (See SLE—Clinical Signs and Symptoms.) Discuss how the presence of antibodies can cause such widespread damage in organ systems. (See SLE—Pathophysiology.) Discuss treatments for SLE and a prognosis for the patient in this case. (See SLE—Treatment.)arrow_forwardAs a nurse, how can you explain to people the role of IgG and IgM during an infection?arrow_forward
- You just received the properly labeled blood bank specimen on patient Aran Stark. You decide to collect some background information about her known historical antibodies before beginning the work-up knowing that she has a history of anti-E, anti-K, anti-Jk^a, anti-Fy^a, anti-M and anti-Le^a. Which antibody reactivity is enhanced by acidification?arrow_forwardCan a mouse infected with Bacillus anthracis generate antibodies against the S-layer? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/arrow_forwardYou just received the properly labeled blood bank specimen on patient Aran Stark. You decide to collect some background information about her known historical antibodies before beginning the work-up knowing that she has a history of anti-E, anti-K, anti-Jk^a, anti-Fy^a, anti-M and anti-Le^a. Which antibody can be neutralized? Which antibody is destroyed with 0.2M DTT treatment? Which antibody reactivity is enhanced by acidification? Which of the antibodies that are typically IgG in nature are destroyed by enzymes? Which are enhanced by enzymes? Which of these antibodies have been known to cause hemolytic transfusion reaction? Which of these antibodies are known to react at room temperature? Which of these antibodies react best at 37C? * When you complete the work-up, you note that the anti-Jk^a antibody is no longer detectable. Can the patient receive red blood cells that contain the Jk^a antigen? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- What can be done to prevent the spread of these resistant microbes in the hospital?arrow_forwardA patient has a history of anti-Jkb. However on the current admission to the hospital, the patient's antibody screen is negative. Please explain.arrow_forwardBased on what you know about the cells of the immune system, do you suspect this patient to have an infection, and if so, what is a probable cause? Choose the best answer and explain. a) Yes, a possible viral infection is indicated. b) Yes, a possible fungal infection is indicated. c) Yes, a possible bacterial infection is indicated. d) No, an infection is not indicated.arrow_forward
- When a patient exhibits a four-fold or greater rise in antibody titer against a specific microbial antigen between acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples, this is considered to be a “seroconversion”. Which of the following would be a correct interpretation of a seroconversion? what option below is the answer? None of the other four answers are a correct interpretation of a seroconversion These results show that the microbe itself has been detected in the patient’s sample(s) These findings cannot be interpreted because antibodies aren’t specific enough for antigens There is no evidence of current active infection because that would require that the antibody titer is decreasing rather than increasing The results show evidence of current or recent infection by the specific microbe because there has been an active immunologic response to its antigenarrow_forwardTwo-year-old Janice Tumminello survived an episode of Haemophilus influenzae septicemia at 4 months by intravenous antibiotic therapy. Her immunizations are up to date. Three days ago her adoptive parents became concerned when she became lethargic, had several bouts of vomiting, and developed a fever, and they took her to the emergency room. She had a rapid pulse and low blood pressure, her peripheral areas were cold, and purpura began to develop on her fingers and toes. Blood cultures tested positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Aggressive antibiotic treatment and fluid-replacement therapy were successful in preventing further dissemination of the bacteremia. However, amputation of three digits on the left hand and debridement of her toes on both feet was required. A diagnosis of overwhelming severe pneumococcal sepsis was made. DNA analysis showed that Janice had a deleterious mutation in a gene encoding _____, which is associated with congenital asplenia. a. an immunoglobulin…arrow_forwardA 3-year-old girl with a fever is sent to the hospital and is found to have a Pseudomonas sp. infection. Her platelet count was 60 x109/L, her haemoglobin value was 74 g/L, her white blood cell count was 1x109/L, and blast cells were seen on a peripheral blood film. Ninety percent of the cells in the bone marrow were blasts, according to a smear. Upon immunophenotyping these blasts using flow cytometry, positive phenotypes for CD10, CD19, (partial)TdT, and CD34 were observed.arrow_forward