Masteringphysics With Pearson Etext - Valuepack Access Card - For College Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976932
Author: YOUNG
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 7MCP
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Masteringphysics With Pearson Etext - Valuepack Access Card - For College Physics
Ch. 16 - Under what conditions will the entropy of a gas...Ch. 16 - In what ways is a heat pump different from (or...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - A growing plant creates a highly complex and...Ch. 16 - Why must a room air conditioner be placed in a...Ch. 16 - If you pour a cup of hot water into a cup of cold...Ch. 16 - How can the thermal conduction of heat from a hot...Ch. 16 - How can the free expansion of a gas into a vacuum...Ch. 16 - Does the second law of thermodynamics say that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11CQCh. 16 - What would be the efficiency of a Carnot engine...Ch. 16 - The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes...Ch. 16 - Would it be more economical to run a refrigerator...Ch. 16 - An insulated box has a carrier that confines a gas...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2MCPCh. 16 - Carnot engine A operates between temperatures of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCPCh. 16 - Prob. 5MCPCh. 16 - You want to increase the efficiency of a Carnot...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7MCPCh. 16 - You perform 100 J of work on a refrigerator that...Ch. 16 - If you mix cold milk with hot coffee in an...Ch. 16 - A glass of water left outside on a cold night...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11MCPCh. 16 - Prob. 12MCPCh. 16 - A coal-fired power plant that operates at an...Ch. 16 - Each cycle, a certain heat engine expels 250 J of...Ch. 16 - A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work...Ch. 16 - An aircraft engine has a heat efficiency of e =...Ch. 16 - A certain nuclear power plant has a thermal...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.15 shows a pV diagram for a heat engine...Ch. 16 - The pV diagram in Figure 16.16 shows a cycle of a...Ch. 16 - A gasoline engine. A gasoline engine takes in 1.61...Ch. 16 - A gasoline engine has a power output of 180 kW...Ch. 16 - In one cycle, a freezer uses 785 J of electrical...Ch. 16 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 16 - A cooing unit for chilling the water of an...Ch. 16 - A Carnot engine whose high-temperature reservoir...Ch. 16 - A heat engine is to be built to extract energy...Ch. 16 - A Carnot engine is operated between two heat...Ch. 16 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 59% and...Ch. 16 - An ice-making machine operates as a Carnot...Ch. 16 - A Carnot freezer that runs on electricity removes...Ch. 16 - Set Up: For an engine, W and QH positive and QC is...Ch. 16 - A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to...Ch. 16 - A 4.50 kg block of ice at 0.00C falls into the...Ch. 16 - You decide to take a nice hot bath but discover...Ch. 16 - A crucible contains 0.1 kg of liquid lead that is...Ch. 16 - Three moles of an ideal gas undergo a reversible...Ch. 16 - Entropy change due to driving. Premium gasoline...Ch. 16 - Entropy change from a doughnut. A typical doughnut...Ch. 16 - Solar collectors. A well-insulated house of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 30PCh. 16 - An experimental power plant at the Natural Energy...Ch. 16 - Solar water heater. A solar water heater for...Ch. 16 - You are designing a Carnal engine that has 2 mol...Ch. 16 - A heat engine takes 0.350 mol of an ideal diatomic...Ch. 16 - As a budding mechanical engineer, you are called...Ch. 16 - Prob. 36GPCh. 16 - A Carnot engine operates between two heat...Ch. 16 - An engineer is working with a Carnot engine that...Ch. 16 - Human entropy. A person having skin of surface...Ch. 16 - A typical coal-fired power plant generates 1000 MW...Ch. 16 - A human engine. You decide to use your body as a...Ch. 16 - One end of a copper rod is immersed in boiling...Ch. 16 - The pV diagram in Figure 16.19 shows a heat engine...Ch. 16 - Passage Problems Power from the sea. Ocean thermal...Ch. 16 - What is the change in entropy of the ammonia...Ch. 16 - Compare the entropy change of the warmer water to...Ch. 16 - If the proposed plant is built and produces 10 MW...
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- (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.arrow_forwardThis problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stationsone with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day. 2.501014J. (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more ef?cient nuclear power station, the gas—cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater eficiency.)arrow_forwardSuppose an ideal (Carnot) heat pump could be constructed for use as an air conditioner. (a) Obtain an expression for the coefficient of performance (COP) for such an air conditioner in terms of Tb and Tc. (b) Would such an air conditioner operate on a smaller energy input if the difference in the operating temperatures were greater or smaller? (c) Compute the COP for such an air conditioner if the indoor temperature is 20.0C and the outdoor temperature is 40.0C.arrow_forward
- (a) What is the hot reservoir temperature of a Carnot engine that has an eficiency of 42.0% and a cold reservoir temperature of 210C ? (b) What must the hot reservoir temperature be for a real heat engine that achieves 0.700 of the maximum eficiency, but still has an efficiency of 42.0% (and a cold reservoir at 27.0C )? (c) Does your answer imply practical limits to the efficiency of car gasoline engines?arrow_forward(a) What is the best coefficient of performance for a refrigerator that cools an environment at 30.0C and has heat transfer to another environment at 45.0C ? (b) How much work in joules must be done for a heat transfer of 4186 kJ from the cold environment? (c) What is the cost of doing this if the work costs 10.0 cents per 3.60106J (a kilowatthour)? (d) How many kJ of heat transfer occurs into the warm environment? (e) Discuss what type of refrigerator might operate between these temperatures.arrow_forward(a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment by an electrical power station that uses 1.251014J of heat transfer into the engine with an efficiency of 42.0%? (b) What is the ratio of heat transfer to the environment to work output? (c) How much work is done?arrow_forward
- (a) In reaching equilibrium, how much heat transfer occurs from 1.00 kg of water at 40.0C when it is placed in contact with 1.00 kg of 20.0C water in reaching equilibrium? (b) What is the change in entropy due to this heat transfer? (c) How much work is made unavailable, taking the lowest temperature to be 20.0C ? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy.arrow_forward(a) On a winter day, a certain house loses 5.00108J of heat to the outside (about 500,000 Btu). What is the total change in entropy due to this heat transfer alone, assuming an average indoor temperature of 21.0C and an average outdoor temperature of 5.00C ? (b) This large change in entropy implies a large amount of energy has become unavailable to do work. Where do we find more energy when such energy is lost to us?arrow_forward(a) What is the best coefficient of performance for a heat pump that has a hot reservoir temperature of 50.0C and a cold reservoir temperature of 20.0C ? (b) How much heat transfer occurs into the warm environment if 3.60107J of work (10.0kWh) is put into it? (c) If the cost of this work input is 10.0cent/kWh, haw does its cost compare with the direct heat transfer achieved by burning natural gas at a cost of 85.0 cents per therm. (A therm is a common unit of energy for natural gas and equals 1.055108J .)arrow_forward
- A power plant has been proposed that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean. The system is to operate between 20.0C (surface water temperature) and 5.00C (water temperature at a depth of about 1 km). (a) What is the maximum efficiency of such a system? (b) If the useful power output of the plant is 75.0 MW, how much energy is absorbed per hour? (c) In view of your answer to part (a), do you think such a system is worthwhile (considering that there is no charge for fuel)?arrow_forward. As a gasoline engine is miming, an amount of gasoline containing 15,000 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,000 J of work. (a) What is the engine's efficiency? (b) The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,000°F (2,500 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 80°F (300 K). What is the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forwardA large electrical power station generates 1000 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer to the power station, Qh, in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Qc occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from 35.0C water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from 18.0C to 20.0C, what is the total increase in entropy due to this heat transfer? (d) How much energy becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an 18.0C lowest temperature? (Part of Qccould be utilized to operate heat engines or far simply heating the surroundings, but it rarely is.)arrow_forward
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