To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction. Concept introduction: In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH 3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH 4 + . The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the explanation whether the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide is a reversible or irreversible reaction.

Concept introduction:

In acid hydrolysis of amide, acid protonates carbonyl oxygen of amide which increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Water acts as a nucleophile gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of amide to form tetrahedral intermediate(A) which on losing proton get converted to tetrahedral intermediate(B). The nitrogen of tetrahedral intermediate (B) gets protonated to form tetrahedral intermediate(C). The NH3 group is eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate (C) and after that, it gets protonated to form NH4+. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is:

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 16.1 - The aromas of many flowers and fruits are due to...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16.2 - Which is longer, the carbon-oxygen single bond in...Ch. 16.2 - There are three carbon-oxygen bonds in methyl...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetamide, which is an irreversible reaction as the ammonium ion produced is not a nucleophile.

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Chapter 16 Solutions