MICROBIOLOGY-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780135668825
Author: Tortora
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 9R
Are the following involved in innate or adaptive immunity? Identify the role of each in immunity:
- a. TLRs
- b. transferrins
- c. antimicrobial peptides
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Chapter 16 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 16 - Identify at least one physical and one chemical...Ch. 16 - Define inflammation, and list its characteristics.Ch. 16 - What are interferons? Discuss their roles in...Ch. 16 - How can the complement system cause endotoxic...Ch. 16 - Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6RCh. 16 - Give several examples of how microbes evade the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8RCh. 16 - Are the following involved in innate or adaptive...Ch. 16 - These agranulocytes are not phagocytic until they...
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16 - If the following are placed in the order of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 16 - A human host can prevent a pathogen from getting...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 16 - In 1884. Elie Metchnikoff observed blood cells...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Prob. 2ACh. 16 - Prob. 3ACh. 16 - The list below identifies a virulence factor for a...Ch. 16 - People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CAECh. 16 - Leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD) is an...Ch. 16 - The neutrophils of individuals with Chdiak-Higashi...Ch. 16 - Consider the following. a. In laboratory...
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- Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.arrow_forward
- a.) compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity. b.) explain why cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity helps enhance the immune response. please be sure to answer the question in detailarrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.arrow_forwardExplain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection? How are interferons activated? What types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages of viral infection.? Identify the receptors to which interferon binds and how their activation affects gene expression?arrow_forward
- which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region? A. ability to cross the placenta B. isotype (class of antibody) C. ability to fix complement D. affinity for drugarrow_forwardConcerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT: a. The adaptive immune response occurs very rapidly b. The adaptive immune response leads to us remembering antigens c. The adaptive immune response occurs mainly in the thymus d. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on antibodies e. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on the complement cascade 46) Concerning acute inflammation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. localised redness occurs because of hyperaemia b. localised heat occurs because of increased bloodflow c. Release of bradykinins and other inflammatory mediators causes localised paind. swelling occurs because capillary permeability is reduced, preventing plasma recirculatione. Inflammatory chemicals at the site of inflammation act as chemotactic agentsarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. B lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reasons but one. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons B lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity? a.They produce memory cells when activated. b.Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. c.They require co-stimulation from an activated T helper cell d. They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediatelyarrow_forward
- Any aspect of the immune system can be deficient. Which of the following deficiencies would primarily affect the BARRIER function of immunity? Group of answer choices A. Complement Deficiencies, in which a variety of complement proteins do not function properly B. DiGeorge Syndrome, in which the thymus does not develop properly C. Selective IgA deficiency, in which IgA antibodies are produced in very low amounts D. Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), in which all T and B cell functions are absentarrow_forwardWhat are the principle components and functions of innate and adaptive (Humoral and cell-mediated) immunity? describe in 100 wordsarrow_forwardConcerning structure and function of antibodies, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. Each antibody can recognise thousands of antigens b. Antibodies can activate complement cascade c. An antibody usually has a complement binding site, a macrophage binding site, and anantigen binding site d. Antibodies can act as opsonins e. Antibodies can neutralise toxins 48) Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune defence: a. Mucous membranes trapping foreign invaders b. Complement proteins stimulating phagocytosis c. Phagocytes killing invaders d. Low pH in stomach preventing bacterial growth e. Vaccines preventing infection by inducing memoryarrow_forward
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