Introduction:
Structures that are specialized for the detection of a stimulus, such as pain and heat, are referred to as a sensory receptor. Such receptors can either be real sense organs or simple nerve endings. Sense organs, much complex structures containing receptors, combines with other tissues, such as muscular, epithelial and connective tissues, and with nervous tissues. The nervous tissues enhances the response of the sense organs to a particular kind of stimulus. Sense organs are involved in the transmission of data (through neurons) to the specific place inside the nervous system. Such sense organs may range from simple microscopic structures, like dendrites, to complex structures, like ear and eye.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF FORM
- Awareness of a stimulus is called a ________.arrow_forwardExplain briefly the signal transduction for the following senses: i. Hearing. ii. Vision.arrow_forwardPrecise localization of a somatosensory stimulus is improved by: Increasing frequency coding Increasing population coding Decreasing receptive field size O Lateral inhibition Increasing receptive field sizearrow_forward
- There are a number of commonalities between the sensory systems both in terms of how incoming sensory information is processed and in terms of how that incoming information is interpreted and understood by the brain. Describe 3 commonalities across systems on the “sensory side” of the process and 2 commonalities on the perceptual side. Use examples in your descriptions.arrow_forwardGive the meaning of the statement, “The idea that all sense organs behave as biological transducers is a unifying concept in sensory physiology.”arrow_forwardAn example of a sensory neuron is one that leads from a pain receptor in the finger to the spinal cord. A pin can be pressed against the skin without eliciting a response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. How do we sense different types of pain (very painful vs. not painful at all)? Using your knowledge of threshold potential and the all-or-none principle, explain how it is possible to sense different levels of pain.arrow_forward
- The thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.arrow_forwardDescribe the general process of transduction in a receptor that is a cell separate from the afferent neuron. Include in your description the following terms: specificity, stimulus, receptor potential?arrow_forwardAs you move from V1 to V5 and higher visual centers, receptive fields of individual neurons as indicated by "preferred stimuli" get: More simple More complicated More grandmother-like More surround inhibition If you saw a red afterimage of flag stripes after staring a green-striped flag for a long-time, it is because color opponent cells were: Fatigued fo green, and so the red opponent dominates Fatigued for red, and so the green opponent dominates Fatigued for yellow, and so the blue opponent dominates Fatigued for blue, so the yellow opponent dominatesarrow_forward
- The conscious perception of pain is often delayed because of the time it takes for the sensations to reach the cerebral cortex. Why would this be the case based on propagation of the axon potential?arrow_forwardReceptor cells that are neurons with sensory dendrites are faster than receptor cells that are separate from neurons. Why is that, and why might that be important in, for example, the sense of touch versus vision?arrow_forwardDefine accommodation (aka adaptation) of receptors and give two examples of such.arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
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