Chapter 17, Problem 15TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The adrenal gland is composed of two glands with different origins of cells and functions. It is located on the superior part of each kidney. The size of the adrenal gland in adult is about 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. In newborns, it weighs nearly 8-10 g; however, half of its weight is reduced at the age of 2 years.  Involution causes the shrinkage of this gland, and it remains about 4-5 g in adults. The adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex is the inner and outer portion of the adrenal gland, respectively. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine (mixtures of catecholamine), whereas, the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone into the blood stream. The adrenal gland regulates alertness, metabolism, blood circulation, blood glucose level, and respiration.