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(II) (a) A horizontal steel 1-beam of cross-sectional area 0.041 m2 is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 25°C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to −25°C? (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13 m2? Will it fracture?
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