Concept explainers
Introduction:
ABO blood grouping was first discovered by Carl Landsteiner. This system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes. In a humantransfusion, it is the most important of the 36 classification systems. A mismatched transfusion can cause serious potentially fatal adverse reactions. If an individual receives a mismatched transfusion of red blood cells with different antigens, it causes a transfusion reaction resulting in clumping, when antibodies bind to those cells. These cells are destroyed by releasing hemoglobin in the bloodstream, thus blocking blood vessels kidneys and other body organs.
Table: ABO Blood group antigens present on RBC and IgM antibodies present in serum
GROUP A | GROUP B | GROUP AB | GROUP O | |
RED BLOOD CELL TYPE | A | B | AB | O |
Antibodies in plasma | Anti-B | Anti-A | NONE | Anti-A and Anti-B |
Antigens in RBC | A antigen | B antigen | A and B antigens | none |
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Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
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