Concept explainers
Classify each of the following statements as true or false:
a) All Brønsted-Lowry
b) All Arrhenius bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases, but not all Brønsted-Lowry bases are Arrhenius bases.
c)
d)
e) If the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction.
f)
g) Weak bases have a weak attraction for protons.
h) The stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation.
i) A proton transfer reaction is always favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid.
j) A solution with
k) A solution with
l) A pOH of
(a)
Interpretation:
The statement that all Brønsted-Lowry acids are Arrhenius acids is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, release
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that all Brønsted-Lowry acids are Arrhenius acids is true.
Explanation of Solution
According to Arrhenius theory, those substances, which when added to water, increase the
The statement that all Brønsted-Lowry acids are Arrhenius acids is true.
(b)
Interpretation:
The statement that all Arrhenius bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases, but all Brønsted-Lowry bases are not Arrhenius bases is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, release
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that all Arrhenius bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases, but all Brønsted-Lowry bases are not Arrhenius bases is true.
Explanation of Solution
According to Arrhenius theory, those substances, which when added to water, increase the
The statement that all Arrhenius bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases, but all Brønsted-Lowry bases are not Arrhenius bases is true.
(c)
Interpretation:
The statement that
Concept introduction:
A substance that has the capability of behaving as an acid as well as a base is known as an amphoteric substance. The substance behaves as an acid by releasing an
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that
Explanation of Solution
A substance is said to be amphoteric if it has the capability to behave as an acid and also as a base. The amphoteric substance acts as an acid by releasing an
The
The
Therefore,
The statement that
(d)
Interpretation:
The statement that
Concept introduction:
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, donate
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that
Explanation of Solution
A conjugate base is a species that is formed after donation of an
The statement that
(e)
Interpretation:
The statement that the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction if the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
A reaction is said to be in equilibrium if the rate at which the forward reaction takes place becomes equal to the rate at which the backward reaction takes place. If any of the factors that affect the equilibrium changes, then the reaction shifts in either forward or backward direction so that the equilibrium condition is reestablished.
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction if the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, is true.
Explanation of Solution
Equilibrium always favors the formation of products, that is, the reaction will always proceed in the direction in which the products are in abundance. If the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, it means that the products are more towards the right side. Therefore, in such cases, the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction.
The statement that the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction if the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, is true.
(f)
Interpretation:
The statement that
Concept introduction:
According to Lewis theory, acids are the substances that accept a pair of electrons and bases are the substances that donate a pair of electrons.
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that
Explanation of Solution
According to Lewis theory, the species that can donate a pair of electrons can behave as Lewis bases. The species
The statement that
(g)
Interpretation:
The statement that weak bases have a weak attraction for protons is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. The ease with which the dissociation of substances into ions takes place, determines the strength of that substance. According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, donate
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that weak bases have a weak attraction for protons is true.
Explanation of Solution
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, bases are substances, which when added to water, accept
The statement that weak bases have a weak attraction for protons is true.
(h)
Interpretation:
The statement that the stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. The ease with which the dissociation of substances into ions takes place, determines the strength of that substance.
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that the stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation is true.
Explanation of Solution
The substances that dissociate into positive and negative ions, when they are added to water, are known as electrolytes. If the substance undergoes complete dissociation into ions, then that substance is a strong electrolyte and if the substance is dissociated partially, then that substance is a weak electrolyte. A strong acid reacts with a strong base to form salt and water as the products. A strong acid always donates a proton to the strong base to form the products. Therefore, the stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation.
The statement that the stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation is true.
(i)
Interpretation:
The statement that a proton transfer reaction is always favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid is to be classified as true or false.
Concept introduction:
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. The ease with which the dissociation of substances into ions takes place, determines the strength of that substance.
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that a proton transfer reaction is always favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid is false.
Explanation of Solution
The substances that dissociate into positive and negative ions, when they are added to water, are known as electrolytes. A strong acid reacts with a strong base to form salt and water as the products. A strong acid always donates a proton to the strong base to form the products. A strong acid forms a weak conjugate base after the donation of proton and a strong base forms a weak conjugate acid by accepting a proton. So, a strong acid reacts with a strong base to form a weak acid and a weak base. Therefore, a proton transfer reaction is not favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid.
The statement that a proton transfer reaction is always favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid is false.
(j)
Interpretation:
The statement that a solution with
Concept introduction:
The pH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The pOH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that a solution with
Explanation of Solution
The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. It determines the strength of acidic character of a compound. Acidic compounds have lower value of pH, that is, less than
The statement that a solution with
(k)
Interpretation:
The statement that a solution with
Concept introduction:
The pH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The pOH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that a solution with
Explanation of Solution
Consider the solution with
The concentration of
Substitute the value of pH in the above expression.
Therefore, the concentration of
Consider the solution with
The concentration of
Substitute the value of pH in the above expression.
Therefore, the concentration of
The twice of hydrogen ion concentration of
The statement that a solution with
(l)
Interpretation:
The statement that a pOH of
Concept introduction:
The pH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The pOH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of
Answer to Problem 64E
The statement that a pOH of
Explanation of Solution
The value of pOH of
The statement that a pOH of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Owlv2, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Cracolice/peters' Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, 6th
- Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), CH3CH2OH, can act as a BrnstedLowry acid. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of ethanol as an acid with hydroxide ion, OH. Ethanol can also react as a BrnstedLowry base. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of ethanol as a base with hydronium ion, H3O+. Explain how you arrived at these chemical equations. Both of these reactions can also be considered Lewis acid base reactions. Explain this.arrow_forwardPure liquid ammonia ionizes in a manner similar to that of water. (a) Write the equilibrium for the autoionization of liquid ammonia. (b) Identify the conjugate acid form and the base form of the solvent. (c) Is NaNH2 an acid or a base in this solvent? (d) Is ammonium bromide an acid or a base in this solvent?arrow_forwardClassify each of the acids in Problem 10-20 as a strong acid or a weak acid. a. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) b. HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) c. H2C5H6O4 (glutaric acid) d. HCN (cyanic acid)arrow_forward
- Write equations that show NH3 as both a conjugate acid and a conjugate base.arrow_forwardWhich of the terms weak, strong, monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic characterize(s) each of the following acids? More than one term may apply in a given situation. a. HC3H3O3 b. HCN c. H2SO4 d. H2SO3arrow_forwardUsing the Brønsted-Lowry model, write equations to show why the following species behave as weak acids in water. (a) Ni(H2O)5OH+(b) Al(H2O)63+(c) H2S (d) HPO42-(e) HClO2 (e) Cr(H2O)5(OH)+arrow_forward
- According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, which of the following would you expect to act as an acid? Which as a base? Both acid and base? (a) CHO2- (b) NH4+ (c) HSO3-arrow_forwardIndicate whether the first listed reactant in each of the following BrnstedLowry acidbase reactions is functioning as an acid or a base. a. HF + H2O H3O+ + F b. CN + H2O HCN + OH c. HCN + NO2 HNO2 + CN d. NH3 + HNO3 NH4+ + NO3arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co