UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319278670
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 17, Problem 69Q
(a)
To determine
The sum of the masses of two stars, if one star of the binary star orbits another in every
(b)
To determine
The individual masses of the stars, if the ratio of their masses is
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A certain binary system consists of two stars that have equal masses and revolve in circular orbits around a fixed point half-way between them.
If the orbital velocity of each star is v=186 km/s and the orbital period of each is 11.3 days, calculate the mass M of each star. Give your answer in units of the solar mass, 1.99×1030 kg (e.g. if each planet's mass is 3.98×1030 kg, you would answer "2.00").
Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m^2.
Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions.
b) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).
The Algol binary system consists of a 3.7 Msun star and a 0.8 Msun star with an orbital period of 2.87 days. Using Newton’s version of Kepler’s Third Law, calculate the distance, a, between the two stars. Compare that to the size of Betelgeuse (you’ll need to look that up).
Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Law: (M1 + M2) P2 = (4p2 /G) a3
Rearrange the equation to solve for a. Pi, p, is equal to 3.14. IMPORTANT NOTE: Google the value of G (the Universal Gravitational Constant) or look it up in your text. NOTICE THE UNITS. You must convert every distance and time in your equation to the same units, otherwise, you’ll get an incorrect answer. That means you must convert distances to meters, solar masses to kilograms, and time to seconds. When you compare your value to the size of Betelgeuse, it will also help that they are in the same units.
Chapter 17 Solutions
UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17 - Prob. 4CCCh. 17 - Prob. 5CCCh. 17 - Prob. 6CCCh. 17 - Prob. 7CCCh. 17 - Prob. 8CCCh. 17 - Prob. 9CCCh. 17 - Prob. 10CC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If two stars are in a binary system with a combined mass of 5.5 solar masses and an orbital period of 12 years, what is the average distance between the two stars?arrow_forwardAs seen from Earth, the Sun has an apparent magnitude of about 26.7 . What is the apparent magnitude of the Sun as seen from Saturn, about 10 AU away? (Remember that one AU is the distance from Earth to the Sun and that the brightness decreases as the inverse square of the distance.) Would the Sun still be the brightest star in the sky?arrow_forwardThe best parallaxes obtained with Hipparcos have an accuracy of 0.001 arcsec. If you want to measure the distance to a star with an accuracy of 10%, its parallax must be 10 times larger than the typical error. How far away can you obtain a distance that is accurate to 10% with Hipparcos data? The disk of our Galaxy is 100,000 light-years in diameter. What fraction of the diameter of the Galaxy’s disk is the distance for which we can measure accurate parallaxes?arrow_forward
- Look elsewhere in this book for necessary data, and indicate what the final stage of evolution-white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole-will be for each of these kinds of stars. A. Spectral type-O main-sequence star B. Spectral type-B main-sequence star C. Spectral type-A main-sequence star D. Spectral type-G main-sequence star E. Spectral type-M main-sequence stararrow_forwardWhy do you think astronomers have suggested three different spectral types (L, T, and Y) for the brown dwarfs instead of M? Why was one not enough?arrow_forwardArrange the following stars in order of their evolution: A. A star with no nuclear reactions going on in the core, which is made primarily of carbon and oxygen. B. A star of uniform composition from center to surface; it contains hydrogen but has no nuclear reactions going on in the core. C. A star that is fusing hydrogen to form helium in its core. D. A star that is fusing helium to carbon in the core and hydrogen to helium in a shell around the core. E. A star that has no nuclear reactions going on in the core but is fusing hydrogen to form helium in a shell around the core.arrow_forward
- An exoplanetary system has two known planets. Planet X orbits in 290 days and Planet Y orbits in 145 days. Which planet is closest to its host star? If the star has the same mass as the Sun, what is the semi-major axis of the orbits for Planets X and Y?arrow_forwardWhat is the lifetime of a 10-solar-mass star on the main sequence? a. 3.2 × 107 years b. 320 years c. 3.2 × 1012 years d. 1 × 109 years e. 1 × 1011 yearsarrow_forwardEarth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).arrow_forward
- A star with half the mass of the Sun has a planet that orbits with an average distance of 0.5 AU from the star. The planet would have an orbital period of:arrow_forwardSuppose you observe a star orbiting the Galatic center at a speed of 1000 km/s in a circular orbit with a radius of 20 light days. Calculate the mass of the object that the star is orbiting.arrow_forwardA certain triple-star system consists of two stars, each of mass m, revolving in the same circular orbit of radius r around a central star of mass M .The two orbiting stars are always at opposite ends of a diameter of the orbit. Derive an expression for the period of revolution of the stars.arrow_forward
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