Chapter 17, Problem 70P

1. and 2.

To determine

Prepare cost of quality report for the year ended 2019 and 2020 showing sub-totals for each category and the category costs as a percentage of revenue for each year.

Explanation of Solution

Prepare cost of quality report for the year ended 2019 and 2020.

Table (1)

The formulae for the calculation are given below:

Table (2)

3. a.

To determine

Compute the percentage change in total COQ as a percentage of sales for the year 2019 and 2020.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the percentage change in total COQ as a percentage of sales for the year 2019 and 2020.

Particulars	Amount
2019 COQ, as percentage of sales (A)	22.16%
2020 COQ, as percentage of sales (B)	10.70%
Change in COQ as percentage of sales $\left(\text{C}\right)=\left(\text{A}\right)-\left(\text{B}\right)$	-11.46%

Table (3)

Thus, the change in total Cost of Quality (COQ) as a percentage of sales, from 2019 to 2020, is 11%.

3 b.

To determine

Compute the total COQ for year 2020 as a percentage of 2019 to sales dollars.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the total COQ for year 2020 as a percentage of 2019 to sales dollars.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Total COQ}\text{}\text{ as }\\ \text{a percentage}\end{array}\}=\frac{\text{Total COQ}\text{}\text{}\text{ in 2020 }}{\text{Total COQ}\text{}\text{}\text{ in 2019}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$2,140}{\$16,000}\times 100\\ =13.38\%\end{array}$

Thus, the total Cost of Quality (COQ) for year 2020 as a percentage of 2019 to sales dollars, is 13.38%.

3 c.

To determine

Compute the percentage change in total prevention costs from 2019 to 2020.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the percentage change in total prevention costs from 2019 to 2020.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Percentage change in}\\ \text{ total prevention costs}\end{array}\}=\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total prevention }\\ \text{costs in 2020}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total prevention }\\ \text{costs in 2019}\end{array}\right)}{\text{Total prevention costs in 2019}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$530-\$220}{\$220}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$310\left(\text{Increase}\right)}{\$220}\times 100\\ =140.91\%\left(\text{Increase}\right)\end{array}$

Thus, percentage change in total prevention costs has increased from 2019 to 2020 by $310 and 140.91%.

3 d.

To determine

Compute the percentage change in total appraisal costs from 2019 to 2020.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the percentage change in total appraisal costs from 2019 to 2020.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Percentage change in}\\ \text{ total appraisal costs}\end{array}\}=\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total appraisal }\\ \text{costs in 2020}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total appraisal }\\ \text{costs in 2019}\end{array}\right)}{\text{Total appraisal costs in 2019}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$405-\$980}{\$220}\times 100\\ =\frac{\left(\$575\right)\left(\text{Decrease}\right)}{\$220}\times 100\\ =58.67\%\left(\text{Decrease}\right)\end{array}$

Thus, percentage change in total prevention costs has decreased from 2019 to 2020 by $575 and 58.67%.

3 e.

To determine

Compute the percentage change in total internal failure costs from 2019 to 2020.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the percentage change in total internal failure costs from 2019 to 2020.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Percentage change in}\\ \text{ total internal failure costs}\end{array}\}=\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total internal failure }\\ \text{costs in 2020}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total internal failure }\\ \text{costs in 2019}\end{array}\right)}{\text{Total internal failure costs in 2019}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$575-\$940}{\$220}\times 100\\ =\frac{\left(\$365\right)\left(\text{Decrease}\right)}{\$220}\times 100\\ =38.83\%\left(\text{Decrease}\right)\end{array}$

Thus, percentage change in total internal failure has decreased from 2019 to 2020 by $365 and 38.83%.

3 f.

To determine

Compute the percentage change in total external failure costs from 2019 to 2020.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the percentage change in total external failure costs from 2019 to 2020.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Percentage change in}\\ \text{total external failure costs}\end{array}\}=\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total external failure }\\ \text{costs in 2020}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Total external failure }\\ \text{costs in 2019}\end{array}\right)}{\text{Total external failure costs in 2019}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\$630-\$1,405}{\$220}\times 100\\ =\frac{\left(\$775\right)\left(\text{Decrease}\right)}{\$220}\times 100\\ =55.16\%\left(\text{Decrease}\right)\end{array}$

Thus, percentage change in total external failure has decreased from 2019 to 2020 by $775 and 55.16%.

4.

To determine

State the non-financial measures that would be monitored by Company AM to achieve overall improvements in quality.

Explanation of Solution

The non-financial measures that would be monitored by Company AM to achieve overall improvements in quality are given below:

Internal Measures of Quality:

• The number of defects per period.
• Process yield (ratio of good output to total output).
• The percentage of defective units shipped to customers to total units of products shipped.

External Measures of Quality:

• The number of customer complaints.
• Difference between delivery date and date requested by the customer such as customer response time (CRT).
• On-time delivery percentage such as total units shipped on or before the scheduled date to the total units shipped.
• Surveys of customer satisfaction.

5.

To determine

Explain whether financial or non-financial measures are useful for (a) managers and (b) operating personnel.

Explanation of Solution

The financial and nonfinancial quality data (metrics) plays an important role in a comprehensive framework for managing and controlling quality. The COQ (financial) data are reported only periodically that are more valuable information for the managers. The managers are the individuals responsible for the overall financial performance and making decisions on spending and investment regarding quality costs.

The non-financial quality data are useful for Operating personnel because such data are expressed in terms that are understandable/comprehensible to operating personnel. These measures emphasis the attention on processes, techniques, and procedures that are at the root cause of quality problems. In order to maximize the value of quality-related data, the information should be presented to the users as quickly as possible on a real-time basis.