Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The given mechanism of the success of viruses in the way they evolve, the way in which they escape the host defense mechanisms as an example of microcosm and the viral lineages that tend to predominate.
Introduction:
Microcosm is a term the meaning of which is that it is a miniature representation of something, especially a unit, group, or place that is regarded as a copy of a larger one. There are many factors on which the evolution of amicro-organism depends. They can be changes in the environment, administration of any drug(s) mutation and many more.
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The success of some viruses lies in their ability to evolve rapidly within the host. Such a virus evades the host's defenses by mutating and producing many altered progeny viruses before the body can mount an attack. Thus, the viruses present late in infection differ from those that initially infected the body. Discuss this as an example of evolution in a microcosm. Which viral lineages tend to predominate?
Think about the cells that viruses infect.
Pick out the correct statements below.
A.
The host cell has some particular thing - be it machinery, chemistry or whatever - that the virus MUST have in order to successfully reproduce.
B.
Viruse generally don't care what cells they infect.
C.
Viruses can only replicate in particular hosts and tissues.
D.
The host range or tissue specficity means the specific type of cells the virus infects.
Example - rabies infects neural cells.
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION While virusesare considered by most scientists to be nonliving, they doshow some characteristics of life, including the correlationof structure and function. In a short essay (100–150 words),discuss how the structure of a virus correlates with its function.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - Compare the structures of tobacco mosaic virus and...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.2 - Compare the effect on the host cell of a ly1ic...Ch. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The RNA virus in Figure 17.7 has...Ch. 17.2 - Why is HIV called a retrovirus?Ch. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the CRISPR system to the...Ch. 17.3 - Describe two ways in which a preexisting virus...Ch. 17.3 - Contrast horizontal and vertical transmission of...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17 - which of me following characteristics. structures....
Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - A human pandemic is A. a viral disease that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - RNA viruses require their own supply of certain...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 17 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION While viruses are considered...Ch. 17 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Oseltamivir (Tamiflu),...
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- Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?arrow_forwardFigure 17.5 Which of the following statements about virus structure is true? a. All viruses are encased in a viral membrane. b. The capsomere is made up of small protein subunits called capsids. c. DNA is the genetic material in all viruses. d. Glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell.arrow_forwardFigure 21.8 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope that fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?arrow_forward
- Because viruses lack some of the traits seen in all living things, many scientists do not believe viruses to be genuinely "alive." Using a few characteristics of live organisms as examples, explain why viruses may not be truly "alive."arrow_forwardCan viruses adapt by natural selection? A. No, because there isn't a genetic basis for inheritance between parent and offspring virus particles. B. No, because there isn't a way to distinguish more fit from less fit virus particles C. Yes but only via human (domestic/artificial) selection D. No they evolve by mutations. E. Yes, virus particles that are most successful successful in reproducing quickly and infecting other host cells are the best adapted.arrow_forwardThe real-world scenario that we are going to look as is as Shakespeare would say “Viruses are living or not living - that is the question!” Viruses must be living since they can cause cancer and warts.arrow_forward
- Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirusarrow_forwardEvaluate how each of the following results of scientific studies regarding mutations of the SARS-COV2 viral genome may implicate how humans can live with the virus for generations to come. Results Implication Scientific analysis of SARS-COV2 viral genomes from different countries has revealed that the virus accumulates about 2 new mutations per month. Many of these mutations have occurred due to their many battles with the immune systems of their human hosts. The vast majority of mutations have little or no effect on how the virus behaves, but scientists are keeping a watchful eye on mutations of the critical region of the viral genome: the gene encoding the spike protein. Mutations that give the virus an evolutionary advantage should be more likely to turn up repeatedly in the virus’ family tree.arrow_forwardViruses consist of either DNA or RNA wrapped inside a protein coat. Are viruses considered alive? A. Yes, because they contain DNA. B. Yes, because they contain DNA and proteins. C. No, because they lack carbohydrates and lipids. D. No, because some viruses use RNA as the main genetic molecule.arrow_forward
- Several negative-strand viruses carry their genomeas a set of discrete RNA segments. Examples include influ-enza virus (eight segments), Rift Valley fever virus (threesegments), Hantavirus (three segments), and Lassa virus(two segments), to name a few. Why does segmentation ofthe genome provide a strong evolutionary advantage forthese viruses?arrow_forwardViruses are also a type of microbe, yet theyare not cells. Viruses consist of a moleculeof nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) surrounded byprotein. They must enter other organisms’cells and use their molecules and machineryto replicate themselves. Why aren’t antibioticsprescribed for viral infections?arrow_forwardIn class, you learned about how some bacteriophages can switch between two different life cycles. What are the two cycles and why does the virus want to switch? Explain the adaptive advantage the virus has in each of the cycles.?arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY