Problem 1SAQ: Identify the conjugate base in the reaction shown here. HClO2(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+ClO2(aq) H3O+ ClO2... Problem 2SAQ: Which pair is a Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base pair? HCI; HBr NK3; NH4 + ClO4 ; ClO3 H3O+; OH- Problem 3SAQ: Which acid has the largest Ka: HClO2(aq), HBrO2(aq), or HIO2(aq)? HBrO2(aq) HIO2(aq) HClO2(aq) All... Problem 4SAQ: Consider the given acid ionization constants and identify the strongest conjugate base. Acid Ka... Problem 5SAQ: What is the OH- concentration in an aqueous solution at 25°C in which [H3O+]=1.9109 M? 5.3106M... Problem 6SAQ: An HNO3(aq) solution has a pH of 1.75. What is the molar concentration of HNO3(aq) solution?... Problem 7SAQ: Find the pH of a 0.350 M aqueous benzoic acid solution. For benzoic acid, Ka=6.5105 . 4.19 4.64... Problem 8SAQ: Find the pH of a 0.155 M HClO2(aq) solution. For HClO2, Ka= 0.011. 1.39 0.92 1.44 0.69 Problem 9SAQ: 9. Calculate the percent ionization of 1.45 M aqueous acetic acid solution. For acetic acid,... Problem 10SAQ: Consider two aqueous solutions of nitrous acid (HNO2). Solution A has a concentration of [HNO2] =... Problem 11SAQ: What is the [OH-] in a 0.200 M solution of ethylamine (C2H5NH2)? For ethylamine, Kb=5.6104 . 0.011 M... Problem 12SAQ: Which ion will be basic in aqueous solution? HSO4- NO3- SO32- Br- Problem 13SAQ: Which compound will form an acidic solution when dissolved in water? NaCl Ca(NO3)2 KNO2 NH4Cl Problem 14SAQ: Find the pH of 0.175 M NaCN solution. For HCN, Ka=4.91010 . 2.31 8.97 11.28 5.03 Problem 15SAQ: What is the concentration of X2- in a 0.150 M solution of the diprotic acid H2X? For H2X, Ka1=4.5106... Problem 1E: In the opening section of this chapter text, we see that in the Batman comic book series. Batman... Problem 2E: What are the general physical and chemical properties of acids? Of bases? Problem 3E: What is a carboxylic acid? Give an example? Problem 4E: What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid? Of a base? Problem 5E: What is a hydronium ion? Does H+ exist in solution by itself? Problem 6E: What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid? Of a base? Problem 7E: Why is there more than one definition of acid-base behavior? Which definition is the right one? Problem 8E: Describe amphoteric behavior and give an example. Problem 9E: What is a conjugate acid-base pair? Provide an example. Problem 10E: Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid and list one example of each. Problem 11E: For a binary acid, H-Y, which factors affect the relative ease with which the acid ionizes? Problem 12E: Which factors affect the relative acidity of an oxyacid? Problem 13E: What are diprotic and triprotic acids? List an example of each. Problem 14E: Define the acid ionization constant and explain its significance. Problem 15E: Write an equation for the autoionization of water and an expression for the ion product for water... Problem 16E: What happens to the [OH-] of a solution when the [H3O+] is increased? Decreased? Problem 17E: Define pH. What pH range is considered acidic? Basic? Neutral? Problem 18E: Define pOH. What pOH range is considered acidic? Basic? Neutral? Problem 19E: In most solutions containing a strong or weak acid, the autoionization of water can be neglected... Problem 20E: When calculating [H3O+] for weak acid solutions, we can often use the x is small approximation.... Problem 21E: What is the percent ionization of an acid? Explain what happens to the percent ionization of a weak... Problem 22E: In calculating [H3O+] for a mixture of a strong acid and weak acid, the weak acid can often be... Problem 23E: Write a generic equation showing how a weak base ionizes water. Problem 24E: How can you identified if an anion will act as a weak base? Write a generic equation showing the... Problem 25E: What is the relationship between the acid ionization constant for a weak acid (Ka) and the base... Problem 26E: What kinds of cations act as weak acids? List some examples. Problem 27E: When calculating the [H3O+] for a polyprotic acid, the second ionization step can often be... Problem 28E: For a weak diprotic acid H2X, what is the relationship between [X2-] and Ka2? Under what conditions... Problem 29E Problem 30E Problem 31E: Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid... Problem 32E: Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid... Problem 33E: In each reaction, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid, the Bronsted-Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and... Problem 34E: In each reaction, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid, the Bronsted-Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and... Problem 35E: Write the formula for the conjugate base of each acid. HCl H2SO3 HCHO2 HF Problem 36E: Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each base. NH3 ClO4 HSO4 ClO32 Problem 37E: Both H2O and H2PO4 are amphoteric. Write an equation to show how each substance can act as an acid,... Problem 38E: Both HCO3 and HS are amphoteric. Write an equation to show how each substance can act as an acid,... Problem 39E Problem 40E: Based on molecular structure, arrange the binary compounds in order of increasing acid strength.... Problem 41E: Based on their molecular structure, pick the stronger acid from each pair of oxyacids. Explain your... Problem 42E: Based on molecular structure, arrange the oxyacids in order of increasing acid strength. Explain... Problem 43E Problem 44E: Which is a stronger base, PO43 or AsO43 ? Explain. Problem 45E: Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid... Problem 46E: Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid... Problem 47E: The three diagrams represent three different solutions of the binary acid HA. Water molecules have... Problem 48E: Rank the solutions in order of decreasing [H3O+] : 0.1 M HCl; 0.10 M HF; 0.10 M HClO; 0.10 M HC6H5O. Problem 49E: Calculate [OH-] in each aqueous solution at 25°C, and classify each solution as acidic or basic.... Problem 50E: Calculate [H3O+] in each aqueous solution at 25°C, and classify each solution as acidic or basic.... Problem 51E: Calculate the pH and pH of each solution. [H3O+]=1.7108M [H3O+]=1.0107M [H3O+]=2.2106M Problem 52E: Calculate [H3O+] and [OH-] for each solution. pH = 8.55 pH = 11.23 pH = 2.87 Problem 53E: Complete the table. (All solutions are at 25°C.) [H3O+] [OH-] pH Acidic or Basic _____________... Problem 54E Problem 55E: all equilibrium constants, the value of Kw depends on temperature. At body temperature (37°C),... Problem 56E: The value of KWincreases with temperature. Is the autoionization of water endothermic or exothermic? Problem 57E: Calculate the pH of each acid solution. Explain how the pH values you calculate demonstrate that the... Problem 58E: Find the concentration of H3O+, to the correct number of significant figures, in a solution with... Problem 59E: For each strong acid solution, determine [H3O+], [OH-], and pH. 0.25 M HCl 0.015 M HNO3 a solution... Problem 60E Problem 61E: What mass of HI should be present in 0.250 L of solution to obtain a solution with each pH value? pH... Problem 62E Problem 63E: What is the pH of solution in which 224 mL of HCl(g), measured at 27.20C and 1.02 atm, dissolved in... Problem 64E: What volume of a concentrated HCl solution, which is 36.0% HCl by mass and has a density of 1.179... Problem 65E: Determine the [H3O+] and pH of a 0.100 M solution of benzoic acid. Problem 66E Problem 67E: Determine the pH of an HNO2 solution of each concentration. In which cases can you not make the... Problem 68E: Determine the pH of an HF solution of each concentration. In which cases can you not make the... Problem 69E: If 15.0 mL of glacial acetic acid (pure HC2H3O2) is diluted to 1.50 L with water, what is the pH of... Problem 70E: Calculate the pH of a formic acid solution that contains 1.35% formic acid by mass. (Assume a... Problem 71E: A 0.185 M solution of a weak acid (HA) has a pH of 2.95. Calculate the acid ionization constant (Ka)... Problem 72E Problem 73E: Determine the percent ionization of a 0.125 M HCN solution. Problem 74E: Determine the percent ionization of a 0.225 M solution of benzoic acid. Problem 75E: Calculate the percent ionization of an acetic acid solution having the given concentrations. 1.00 M... Problem 76E: Calculate the percent ionization of a formic acid solution having the given concentrations. 1.00 M... Problem 77E: A 0.148 M solution of a monoprotic acid has a percent ionization of 1.55%. Determine the acid... Problem 78E Problem 79E Problem 80E Problem 81E: Find the pH of each mixture of acids. 0.115 M in HBr and 0.125 M in HCHO2 0.150 M in HNO2 and 0.085... Problem 82E: Find the pH of each mixture of acids. 0.075 M in HNO3 and 0.175 M in HC7H5O2 0.020 M in HBr and... Problem 83E: For each strong base solution, determine [OH-], [H3O+], pH, and pOH. 0.15 M NaOH 1.5103 M Ca(OH)2... Problem 84E Problem 85E Problem 86E Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E Problem 91E: Determine the [OH-], pH, and pOH of a 0.15 ammonia solution. Problem 92E: Determine the [OH-], pH, and pOH of a solution that is 0.125 M in CO 3 2 Problem 93E Problem 94E Problem 95E Problem 96E Problem 97E: Determine if each anion is basic or neutral. For the anions that are basic, write an equation that... Problem 98E: Determine whether each anion is basic or neutral. For the anions that are basic, write an equation... Problem 99E Problem 100E: Determine the [OH-] and pH of a solution is 0.250 M in HCO3 . Problem 101E: Determine whether each cation is acidic or pH-neutral. For the cations that are acidic, write an... Problem 102E Problem 103E: Determine if each salt will form a solution that is acidic, basic, or pH-neutral. FeCl3 NaF CaBr2... Problem 104E Problem 105E Problem 106E Problem 107E Problem 108E Problem 109E Problem 110E Problem 111E Problem 112E Problem 113E: Write chemical equations and corresponding equilibrium expressions for each of the three ionization... Problem 114E Problem 115E Problem 116E: Calculate the [H3O+] and pH of each polyprotic acid solution. O.125MH2C03 O.125MH3C6H5O7 Problem 117E: Calculate the concentration of each species in a 0.500 M solution of H2SO3. Problem 118E: Calculate the concentration of each species in a 0.155 M solution of H2CO3. Problem 119E: Calculate the [H3O+] and pH of each H2S04 solution. At approximately what concentration does the x... Problem 120E: Consider a 0.10 M solution of a weak polyprotic acid (H2A) with the possible values of Ka1 and ka2... Problem 121E: Classify each species as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base. Fe3+ BH3 NH3 F Problem 122E Problem 123E Problem 124E Problem 125E Problem 126E: Based on these molecular views, determine whether each pictured base is weak or strong. Problem 127E: The binding of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood involves the equilibrium reaction.... Problem 128E: Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the equations: CO2(g)+H2O(l)H2CO3(aq)... Problem 129E: People often take Milk of Magnesia to reduce the discomfort associated with acid stomach o... Problem 130E: Lakes that have been acidified by acid rain (which is caused by air pollutants) can be neutralized... Problem 131E: Acid rain over the Great lakes has a pH of about 4.5. Calculate the [H3O+] of this rain and compare... Problem 132E: White wines tend to be more acidic than red wines. Find the [H3O+] in a Sauvignon Blanc with a pH of... Problem 133E: Common aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, which has the structure shown here and a pKaof 3.5.... Problem 134E: The AIDS drug zalcitabine (also known as ddC) is a weak base with a pKbof 9.8. What percentage of... Problem 135E: Determine the pH of each solution. 0.0100MHCIO4 0.115M HCIO2 0.045MSr(OH)2 0.0852MKCN 0.155MNH4Cl Problem 136E: Determine the pH of each solution. 0.0650M HNO3 0.150M HNO2 0.0195M KOH 0.245M CH3NH3I 0.318MKC6H5O Problem 137E: Determine the pH of each two-component solution. 0.0550 M in HI and 0.00850 M in HF 0.112 M in NaCl... Problem 138E: Determine the pH of each two-component solution. 0.050 M KOH and 0.015 M Ba(OH)2 0.265 M NH4NO3 and... Problem 139E: Write net ionic equations for the reactions that take place when aqueous solutions of each pair of... Problem 140E Problem 141E: The pH of a 1.00 M solution of urea, a weak organic base, is 7.050. Calculate the Ka of protonated... Problem 142E Problem 143E: Lactic acid is a weak acid found in milk. Its calcium salt is a source of calcium for growing... Problem 144E Problem 145E: A student mistakenly calculates the pH of a 1.0107 Hl solution to be 7.0. Explain why the student is... Problem 146E: When 2.55 g of an unknown weak acid (HA) with a molar mass of 85.0 g/mol is dissolved in 250.0 g of... Problem 147E Problem 148E: To what volume should you dilute 1 L of a solution of a weak acid HA to reduce the [H+] to one-half... Problem 149E: HA, a weak acid, with Ka=1.0108 , also forms the ion HA2 . The reaction is HA(aq)+A(aq)HA2(aq) and... Problem 150E Problem 151E Problem 152E: To 1.0 L of a 0.30 M solution of HCIO2 is added 0.20 mol of NaF. Calculate the [HCIO2] at... Problem 153E: A mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 has a mass of 82.2 g. It is dissolved in 1.00 L of water, and the pH... Problem 154E Problem 155E Problem 156E Problem 157E format_list_bulleted
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