Chemistry Atoms First2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172647
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 9E
Go to the PhET Reactions & Rates (http://openstaxcollege.org/I/16PHETreaction) interactive. Use the Single Collision tab to represent how the collision between monatomic oxygen (O) and carbon monoxide (CO) results in the breaking of one bond and the formation of another. Pull back on the red plunger to release the atom and observe the results. Then, click on “Reload Launcher**#x201D; and change to “Angled shot” to see the difference.
(a) What happens when the angle of the collision is changed?
(b) Explain how this is relevant to
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Go to the interactive. Use the Single Collision tab to represent how the collision between monatomic oxygen (O) and carbon monoxide (CO)results in the breaking of one bond and the formation of another. Pull back on the red plunger to release the atom and observe the results. Then, click on “Reload Launcher” and change to “Angled shot” to see the difference.(a) What happens when the angle of the collision is changed?(b) Explain how this is relevant to rate of reaction.
UCI Chemistry researchers, Prof. F. Sherwood Rowland and Dr. Mario Molina werefirst to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?
In any manufacturing process, reaction monitoring ensures that a chemical reaction proceeds as expected. Table 1 shows the monitoring data for the formation of chlorohexane, collected using a technique called gas chromatography. Note that the concentrations of the chlorohexane solutions are given in millimoles per litre (mmol l–1). The abbreviation mM (millimolar) is frequently used. Plot a graph of the data in Table 1. The graph should be drawn on graph paper or use fine grid if it’s drawn on Excel.
Elapsed Time/Hours
Concentration of Chlorohexane/mM
0
0
2
40
4
65
6
80
8
90
10
95
12
99
Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First2e
Ch. 17 - What is the difference between average rate,...Ch. 17 - Ozone decomposes to oxygen according to the...Ch. 17 - In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is...Ch. 17 - A study of the rate of dimerization of C4H6 gave...Ch. 17 - A study of the rate of the reaction represented as...Ch. 17 - Consider the following reaction in aqueous...Ch. 17 - Describe the effect of each of the following on...Ch. 17 - Explain why an egg cooks move slowly in boiling...Ch. 17 - Go to the PhET Reactions and change to Angled...Ch. 17 - In the PhET Reactions tab to observe how multiple...
Ch. 17 - In the PhET Reactions under Options. (a) Leave...Ch. 17 - How do the rate of a reaction and its rate...Ch. 17 - Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 17 - Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 17 - How much and in what direction will each of the...Ch. 17 - How will each of the following affect the rate of...Ch. 17 - Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the...Ch. 17 - Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the radioactive decay of 14C...Ch. 17 - The decomposition of acetaldehyde is a second...Ch. 17 - Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a...Ch. 17 - Under certain conditions the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, decomposes to NO and CI2....Ch. 17 - From the following data, determine the rate...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine according...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form...Ch. 17 - For the reaction AB+C, the following data were...Ch. 17 - For the reaction QW+X, the following data were...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the ?rst-order decomposition...Ch. 17 - The annual production of HNO3 in 2013 was 60...Ch. 17 - The following data have been determined for the...Ch. 17 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 17 - Use the data provided to graphically determine the...Ch. 17 - Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g)....Ch. 17 - From the given data, use a graphical method to...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of O3...Ch. 17 - The reaction of compoundA to give compoundsC andD...Ch. 17 - The half-life of a reaction of compoundA to give...Ch. 17 - Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic...Ch. 17 - Both technetium-99 and thallium-201 are used to...Ch. 17 - There are two molecules with the formula C3H6...Ch. 17 - Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope that decays...Ch. 17 - Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an...Ch. 17 - Recently, the skeleton of King Richard III was...Ch. 17 - Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive...Ch. 17 - For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon...Ch. 17 - Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide....Ch. 17 - When every collision between reactants leads to a...Ch. 17 - What is the activation energy of a reaction, and...Ch. 17 - Account for the relationship between the rate of a...Ch. 17 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 17 - How does an increase in temperature affect rate of...Ch. 17 - The rate of a certain reaction doubles for every...Ch. 17 - In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90%...Ch. 17 - The rate constant at 325 C for the decomposition...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - An elevated level of the enzyme alkaline...Ch. 17 - In terms of collision theory, to which of the...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 17 - The element Co exists in two oxidation states,...Ch. 17 - The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars...Ch. 17 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision" tab of...Ch. 17 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision tab of the...Ch. 17 - Why awe elementary reactions involving three or...Ch. 17 - In general, can we predict the effect of doubling...Ch. 17 - Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b)...Ch. 17 - What is the rate law for the elementary...Ch. 17 - Given the following reactions and the...Ch. 17 - Write the rate equation for each of the following...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen (Il) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2,...Ch. 17 - Experiments were conducted to study the rate of...Ch. 17 - The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene...Ch. 17 - . Account for the increase in reaction rate...Ch. 17 - Compare the functions of homogeneous and...Ch. 17 - Consider this scenario and answer the following...Ch. 17 - Water gas is a 1:1 mixture of carbon monoxide and...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen and oxygen react at high temperatures....Ch. 17 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 17 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 17 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 17 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 17 - Assuming the diagrams in Exercise 17.83 represent...Ch. 17 - Consider the similarities and differences in the...
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