CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136858256
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: How the polypeptide being secreted reaches the endomembrane system.
Concept introduction:
The proteins which are to be secreted are synthesized on ribosomes and bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins reach the endomembrane system and are transported in transport vesicles from Golgi apparatus to the outer part of the cell. The endomembrane system is a group of organelles and membranes and the system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus. They work simultaneously to manufacture and transport proteins and lipids.
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Ribosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?
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What is the final destination in which the protein will function?
Which features will the protein receive during its manufacture?
What is the primary structure (general)?
Where is the primary structure made?
Where are the secondary and tertiary structures made?
Will the protein travel through any organelles during its manufacture? Which ones?
What would be the overall result if some part of the manufacture process went wrong, such that the protein ended up as nonfunctional?
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Chapter 17 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research artide about...Ch. 17.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 17.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 17.3 - There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes....Ch. 17.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - WH AT IF? In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been...Ch. 17.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 17.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Individuals heterozygous for the...Ch. 17.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 17 - Describe the process of gene expression, by which...Ch. 17 - What are the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 17 - What function do the 5' cap and the poly-A tail...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4CRCh. 17 - What will be the results of chemically modifying...Ch. 17 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is (A)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 17 - Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5' 3' sequence of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Would the coupling of the processes shown in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 17 - scientific inquiry Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Is adenylate cyclase a transmembrane protein or a peripheralprotein? What about the G protein?arrow_forwardAcidification is achieved by an H+ pump in the endosomal membrane, which also contains Cl– channels. if the channels do not function properly (e.g., because of a mutation in the genes encoding the channel proteins), acidification is also impaired. Can you explain how Cl– channels might help acidification? According to your explanation, would the Cl– channels be absolutely required to lower the pH inside the endosome?arrow_forwardList three potential organelle destinations for a free ribosome (cytosolic-produced) protein via transmembrane protein translocation:arrow_forward
- The trans-Golgi network is the site of multiple sorting processes as proteins and lipids exit the Golgi complex. Compare and contrast the sorting of proteins to lysosomes with the packaging of proteins into regulated secretory vesicles such as those containing insulin. Compare and contrast the sorting of proteins to the basolateral versus apical cell surfaces in MDCK cells and in hepatocytes.arrow_forwardThe figure above shows the organization of a protein that will eventually reside in the plasma membrane. The boxes labeled 1 and 2 represent membrane-spanning sequences and the arrow represents a site of action of signal peptidase. Which of the following statements must be TRUE about this protein? O a) Most of this protein will project from the cytosolic side of the membrane. O b) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane twice. c) This is a multi-pass membrane protein. O d) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane once.arrow_forwardWhat are the two main functions of the APC / cyclosome complex? Describe in detail.arrow_forward
- what ribosome channels accept charged tRNA molecules?arrow_forwardProteins destined for which of the following destinations are transported through vesicles/the Endomembrane system? (i.e. not transported via post-translational import)arrow_forwardTrace the path of a protein synthesized on a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) as the protein travels to the exterior of the cell. Name all the subcellular structures that the protein passes through. In answering this question, assume that the protein is already produced/synthesized (i.e. don't describe translation).arrow_forward
- You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases (proteins that should be sent to the lysosome) are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes (where they should normally be located). What is the most likely explanation for this finding? (Hint: what might be different about the proteins that would cause them to not end up in the correct location?)arrow_forwardWith reference to named examples, give a detailed account of the molecules and processes involved in trafficking soluble and membrane proteins from the Trans Golgi Network (TGN) to lysosomes. Include in your answer an explanation of how the trafficking machinery is recycled back, to the Trans Golgi Network in each case.arrow_forwardCargo proteins are transported through the Golgi apparatus to the trans-Golgi network, where they are sorted into various vesicles that are targeted to different destinations. What is the role of vesicles in -cargo protein transport through the Golgi apparatus?arrow_forward
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