Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 18, Problem 10SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Cladogram is a diagram that represents the hypothetical relationship between different groups of animals called a phylogeny. It is used to visualize the similarities and commonly shared characters of different groups of animals. A cladogram uses lines to demonstrate branches that end at a clade. A group of animals whose members possess one or more derived characters is called as a clade.
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The appendix, which is not needed to survive, is considered to be a?
a. Homology
b. Vestigial Structure
c. Homologous Structure
d. Analogous Structure
What do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groups
Organisms that are closer together on a cladograma. are in the same family.b. comprise an outgroup.c. share a more recent common ancestor than those organisms that are farther apart.d. share fewer derived characters than organisms that are farther apart.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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- A monophyletic group is a ______. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. cladearrow_forwardA monophyletic group is a ________. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. cladearrow_forwardButterfly wings and bat wings are ____ structures, while bird wings and bat wings are ____ structures. a. homozygous … heterozygous b. homologous … analogous c. analogous … phyllogenous d. analogous … homologousarrow_forward
- What kind of trait is important to cladistics? a. shared derived traits b. shared ancestral traits c. analogous traits d. parsimonious traitsarrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forwardConstructing a cladogram______ . a. may involve parsimony analysis b. helps us rank species into taxa c. reveals convergent structures d. is a necessary part of DNA barcodingarrow_forward
- Which best describes a branch point in a phylogenetic tree? a. a hypothesis b. new lineage c. hybridization d. a matingarrow_forwardWhich situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? a. A flood causes the formation of a new lake. b. A storm causes several large trees to fall down. c. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. d. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source.arrow_forwardWhich assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a common ancestor. b. Speciation can produce one, two, or three new species. c. Traits change from one state to another. d. The polarity of a character state change can be determined.arrow_forward
- The wing of a bird and the arm of a human are examples of ______. a. vestigial structures b. molecular structures c. homologous structures d. analogous structuresarrow_forwardWhales and dolphins evolved from land mammals. Their front legs have become fin-like structures called flukes which help them swim. The similarity in form and function of the flukes of whales and the fins of fishes is an example of...? Group of answer choices a. convergent evoluton b. homology c. neitherarrow_forwardA clade is_____ . a. defined by a derived character c. a hypothesis b. a monophyletic group d. all of the abovearrow_forward
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