CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-WORKBK.OF INVEST.CASES
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134486468
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 11TYU
draw it The diagram below shows five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that yellow, blue, green, black, red, and purple activator proteins exist that can bind to the appropriately color-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.
(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell in which only gene 5 is transcribed. Identify which colored activators would be present.
- (b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell in which the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.
- (c) Imagine that genes 1,2, and 4 code for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.
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Which of the following statements concerning enhancer DNA sequences is true?
Group of answer choices
Enhancer DNA sequences must be located before (upstream) the genes they control.
Enhancers DNA sequences are close to the genes they activate (via looping) even if they very far away as measured through the linear DNA sequence.
Enhancer DNA sequences will not recruit their respective protein factors if you artificially insert the enhancer backwards.
All these statements are true.
LO: Explain how mutations in regulatory regions of genes differ from mutations in coding region
The presence or absence of pelvic spines in the stickleback fish is controlled by whether the Pitx1 gene is expressed in the pelvic tissue. The Figure below shows how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. While the diagram only shows one activator in one tissue, many activators are present in a particular tissue at any one time.
Activator molecules with specific shading can bind to switches with the same shading.
3a) Based on the diagram, in which tissues will the PitX1 gene be expressed?
3b) Assume a fish inherits a deletion mutation in the pituitary switch/enhancer sequence. You isolate DNA from jaw, pelvic, eye, and pituitary tissues. In the DNA of which tissue(s) would…
3. Figure 2 illustrates how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues.
a. List all the tissues shown in Figure 2 that express the Pitx1 gene.
b. If a fish does not produce activator 1 proteins because of a mutation in the gene that encodes those proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues?
c. If a fish does not produce activator 3 proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues?
d. A fish inherits a mutation in the Pitx1 coding region. This is a nonsense mutation that introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a nonfunctional protein. Where would you expect Pitx1 to be expressed in this scenario?
Chapter 18 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-WORKBK.OF INVEST.CASES
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the X...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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