Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.
Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
(a)
Answer to Problem 18.163EP
In the polysaccharides amylose, cellulose, chitin and heparin, all the glycosidic linkages are same.
Explanation of Solution
Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is
Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are
Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. Theglycosidic linkage present incellulose is
Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is
Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is
Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are
Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both
Hence, the polysaccharides amylose, chitin, cellulose and heparin have all the same glycosidic linkages.
(b)
Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.
Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
(b)
Answer to Problem 18.163EP
In the polysaccharides amylopectin and glycogen, some but not all of the linkages are
Explanation of Solution
Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is
Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are
Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is
Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is
Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is
Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are
Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both
Hence, the polysaccharides amylopectin and glycogen have some but not all the linkages as
(c)
Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.
Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
(c)
Answer to Problem 18.163EP
In the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid, both
Explanation of Solution
Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is
Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are
Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is
Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is
Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is
Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are
Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both
Hence, the polysaccharidehyaluronic acid have both
(d)
Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.
Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
(d)
Answer to Problem 18.163EP
In the polysaccharides heparin and amylose, all the glycosidic linkages are
Explanation of Solution
Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is
Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are
Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is
Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is
Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is
Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are
Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both
Hence, the polysaccharides amylose and heparin have all the
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Listed below are descriptions that may belong to amylose, amylopectin, both, or it may not belong to either. Write A if it describes amylose, B if it describes amylopectin, AB if the statement applies to both, or O if it doesn’t apply to either. 1. Its monosaccharides are bound by at least one α-1,4-glycosidic bond. 2. It contains α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 3. It can be broken down by the enzyme α-amylase. 4. A polysaccharide made up of gulose. 5. It can form a double helix.arrow_forwardWhat is the molecular weight of a linear polysaccharide consisting of 7 galactose monomers and 1 terminal glucose monomer? The molecular weight of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180.156 g/mol. Remember that the types glycosidic of linkages are irrelevant for calculating the molecular weight. Write your answer in terms g/mol.arrow_forwardMatch the following structural composition with the corresponding polysaccharide Linear homoglycan of glucose connected by α1-4 linkages Branched glycan formed by alternating units of D-galactose and L-galactose Linear sulfated chains of alternating β-D-galactopyranose and 3,6-anhydro- α-galactopyranosyl units Poly-β-Dmannopyranosyluronic acid and/or Poly-α-L-gulopyranosyluronic acid Repeating Poly-D-galacturonic acid residues…arrow_forward
- Name the three digestible disaccharides we talked about. What monosaccharides are they each made of and tell whether they are connected by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage, a 1-4 beta glycosidic linkage or a 1-5 beta glycosidic linkage.arrow_forwardIn the formula for sucrose (structure shown above), the bottom ring is pyranose. True or False?arrow_forwardConsider the ff dissacharides.a. Classify the glycosidic linkage as α or β and use numbers to designate its location (e.g. β1→3) b. What monosaccharides are formed when each of the disaccharides is hydrolyzed? c. Draw the chair conformation of each monosaccharide, where applicable.arrow_forward
- Amylopectin has which of the following structural features? a. only α(1,4) glycosidic linkages b. only β(1,4) glycosidic linkages c. both α(1,4) and α(1,6) glycosidic linkages d. both α(1,4) and β(1,6) glycosidic linkagesarrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this belong? d. What is the "delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond locations for this fatty acid? Note: There are 2 items in the photo.arrow_forwardAssume you could make a trisaccharide by covalently joining xylose (C5H10O5) , xylose (C5H10O5) and fructose (C6H12O6). So 2x xylose, 1x fructose. What would be the chemical formula of this trisaccharide assuming regular dehydration synthesis as discussed in class? You do not need to worry about which carbons are being used for forming these glycosidic linkages.arrow_forward
- Given the structure of disaccharide below: (a) is it reducing or non-reducing?(b) will it react positively with Benedict's reagent and (c) what specific name of glycosidic linkage of the disaccharide is given?arrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated.a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid?c. To which “omega” family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta” designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forwardDraw a glycerol bonded to two stearic acids and a phosphate group with an “R” group attached – forming a phosphatidyl ester, please show workarrow_forward
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