DATA The Dew Point and Clouds. The vapor pressure of water (see Exercise 18.44) decreases as the temperature decreases. The table lists the vapor pressure of water at various temperatures: Temperature (°C ) Vapor Pressure (Pa) 10.0 1.23 × 103 12.0 1.40 × 103 14.0 1.60 × 103 16.0 1.81 × 103 18.0 2.06 × 103 20.0 2.34 × 103 22.0 2.65 × 10 3 24.0 2.99 × 103 26.0 3.36 × 103 28.0 3.78 × 103 30.0 4.25 × 103 If the amount of water vapor in the air is kept constant as the air is cooled, the dew point temperature is reached, at which the partial pressure and vapor pressure coincide and the vapor is saturated. If the air is cooled further, the vapor condenses to liquid until the partial pressure again equals the vapor pressure at that temperature. The temperature in a room is 30.0°c. (a) A meteorologist cools a metal can by gradually adding cold water. When the can’s temperature reaches 16.0°C, water droplets form on its outside surface. What is the relative humidity of the 30.0°C air in the room? On a spring day in the midwestern United States, the air temperature at the surface is 28.0°C. Puffy cumulus clouds form at an altitude where the air temperature equals the dew point. If the air temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 0.6 C°/100 m, at approximately what height above the ground will clouds form if the relative humidity at the surface is (b) 35%; (c) 80%?
DATA The Dew Point and Clouds. The vapor pressure of water (see Exercise 18.44) decreases as the temperature decreases. The table lists the vapor pressure of water at various temperatures: Temperature (°C ) Vapor Pressure (Pa) 10.0 1.23 × 103 12.0 1.40 × 103 14.0 1.60 × 103 16.0 1.81 × 103 18.0 2.06 × 103 20.0 2.34 × 103 22.0 2.65 × 10 3 24.0 2.99 × 103 26.0 3.36 × 103 28.0 3.78 × 103 30.0 4.25 × 103 If the amount of water vapor in the air is kept constant as the air is cooled, the dew point temperature is reached, at which the partial pressure and vapor pressure coincide and the vapor is saturated. If the air is cooled further, the vapor condenses to liquid until the partial pressure again equals the vapor pressure at that temperature. The temperature in a room is 30.0°c. (a) A meteorologist cools a metal can by gradually adding cold water. When the can’s temperature reaches 16.0°C, water droplets form on its outside surface. What is the relative humidity of the 30.0°C air in the room? On a spring day in the midwestern United States, the air temperature at the surface is 28.0°C. Puffy cumulus clouds form at an altitude where the air temperature equals the dew point. If the air temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 0.6 C°/100 m, at approximately what height above the ground will clouds form if the relative humidity at the surface is (b) 35%; (c) 80%?
DATA The Dew Point and Clouds. The vapor pressure of water (see Exercise 18.44) decreases as the temperature decreases. The table lists the vapor pressure of water at various temperatures:
Temperature (°C )
Vapor Pressure (Pa)
10.0
1.23 × 103
12.0
1.40 × 103
14.0
1.60 × 103
16.0
1.81 × 103
18.0
2.06 × 103
20.0
2.34 × 103
22.0
2.65 × 10 3
24.0
2.99 × 103
26.0
3.36 × 103
28.0
3.78 × 103
30.0
4.25 × 103
If the amount of water vapor in the air is kept constant as the air is cooled, the dew point temperature is reached, at which the partial pressure and vapor pressure coincide and the vapor is saturated. If the air is cooled further, the vapor condenses to liquid until the partial pressure again equals the vapor pressure at that temperature. The temperature in a room is 30.0°c. (a) A meteorologist cools a metal can by gradually adding cold water. When the can’s temperature reaches 16.0°C, water droplets form on its outside surface. What is the relative humidity of the 30.0°C air in the room? On a spring day in the midwestern United States, the air temperature at the surface is 28.0°C. Puffy cumulus clouds form at an altitude where the air temperature equals the dew point. If the air temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 0.6 C°/100 m, at approximately what height above the ground will clouds form if the relative humidity at the surface is (b) 35%; (c) 80%?
The vapor pressure is the pressure of the vapor phase of a
substance when it is in equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the
substance. The relative humidity is the partial pressure of water vapor in the air
divided by the vapor pressure of water at that same temperature, expressed as a
percentage. The air is saturated when the humidity is 100%. (a) The vapor
pressure of water at 20.0°C is 2.34 × 10³ Pa. If the air temperature is 20.0°C and
the relative humidity is 60%, what is the partial pressure of water vapor in the
atmosphere (that is, the pressure due to water vapor alone)?
A bottle is completely filled with gasoline. How much of the gasoline is lost from the
container, given as a percentage of the container volume, for a temperature increase
of 20°C? Take the linear expansion coefficient for gasoline to be 3.2 x 10-4 (°C)-1.
O3.2 %
0.80 %
O 2.4 %
4.8 %
1.9 %
4.0 %
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A bar of aluminum is 1m long at a temperature of 400K. At what temperature in degrees K is the bar 0.999m in length? Use a an expansion coefficient of 25x10/degC for aluminum.
208K
312K
360K
403K
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Chapter 18 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1 (Chs. 1-20) (14th Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
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