Modified Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Combo Access -- for Physics for Scientist and Engineers (18 week)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780137504299
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
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Chapter 18, Problem 1P
To determine
The RMS speed of helium atoms near the surface of Sun.
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(1) Calculate the rms (root-mean-square) speed of hydrogen (H2), helium (He), and oxygen (O2)
at room temperature. These speeds are very high. Evaluate these speeds against the escape velocity
from the Earth, ~11.2 [km/s].
(II) Show that the rms speed of molecules in a gas is given
by vrms = V3P/p, where P is the pressure in the gas and
pis the gas density.
(a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the 5500ºC surface of the Sun? (b) What is the average kinetic energy of helium atoms in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is 6.00×105 K ?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Modified Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Combo Access -- for Physics for Scientist and Engineers (18 week)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1AECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1BECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1CECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1DECh. 18.4 - Prob. 1EECh. 18 - Why doesnt the size of different molecules enter...Ch. 18 - When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pushing...Ch. 18 - In Section 181 we assumed the gas molecules made...Ch. 18 - Explain in words how Charless law follows from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5Q
Ch. 18 - As you go higher in the Earths atmosphere, the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7QCh. 18 - Explain why the peak of the curve for 310 K in...Ch. 18 - Is temperature a macroscopic or microscopic...Ch. 18 - Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11QCh. 18 - If the pressure in a gas is doubled while its...Ch. 18 - What everyday observation would tell you that not...Ch. 18 - Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at room...Ch. 18 - Explain why a hot humid day is far more...Ch. 18 - Is it possible to boil water at room temperature...Ch. 18 - What exactly does it mean when we say that oxygen...Ch. 18 - A length of thin wire is placed over a block of...Ch. 18 - Consider two days when the air temperature is the...Ch. 18 - (a) Why does food cook faster in a pressure...Ch. 18 - How do a gas and a vapor differ?Ch. 18 - (a) At suitable temperatures and pressures, can...Ch. 18 - Why does dry ice not last long at room...Ch. 18 - Under what conditions can liquid CO2 exist? Be...Ch. 18 - Why does exhaled air appear as a little white...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26QCh. 18 - Prob. 27QCh. 18 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - (I) A 1.0-mol sample of hydrogen gas has a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10PCh. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - Prob. 18PCh. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - (I) A group of 25 particles have the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - (I) (a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phases...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - (II) A pressure cooker is a sealed pot designed to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - Prob. 43PCh. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46PCh. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - Prob. 53PCh. 18 - A sample of ideal gas must contain at least N =...Ch. 18 - In outer space the density of matter is about one...Ch. 18 - Calculate approximately the total translational...Ch. 18 - (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid, whose...Ch. 18 - The escape speed from the Earth is 1.12 104 m/s,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 63GPCh. 18 - Prob. 66GPCh. 18 - Prob. 69GPCh. 18 - Prob. 71GPCh. 18 - Prob. 72GPCh. 18 - Prob. 73GPCh. 18 - Prob. 74GPCh. 18 - Prob. 75GPCh. 18 - Prob. 76GPCh. 18 - Prob. 77GP
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- At what temperature would the rms speed of the helium atoms (mass=6.66x10^-27kg) equal its escape speed from the earth which is 1.12x 10^4 m/s? Answer is given as 60509 K but cannot figure out how that could be it.arrow_forwardGas molecules of mass m are confined in a cylinder of radius R and height L (with R >> L) kept vertically in the Earth's gravitational field. The average energy of the gas at low temperatures (such that mgL>> k„T ) is given byarrow_forward(I) By what factor will the rms speed of gas moleculesincrease if the temperature is increased from 20°C to 160°C?arrow_forward
- I) We consider atoms of rubidium in the gaseous state. The molar mass of rubidium is M-87 g/mol. 1) At T=900 K, the rubidium acts like and ideal gas. At this temperature the free energy F is given by h2 F = -kgT ln Z where Z = with z N! V and A = (; 1/2 N being the number of 2TmkBT particles of the gas and m the mass of one particle. a) Explain the presence of the N! in the equation. b) Derive the expression of F as a function of T and the number of particles per unit volume, n=N/V. c) Show that u = T In(nA) where 7 is a quantity that you will express as a function of T.arrow_forward(i) State the assumptions made in deriving the expression P = pc² for a fixed mass of deal gas. (ii) Estimate the Kinetic energy of a steam molecule at 11 00C.arrow_forwardExplain why in a gas of N molecules, the number of molecules having •v+Av f(v)av. speeds in the finite interval u to u + Au is AN = Varrow_forward
- i) Evaluate rms speed, the average kinetic energy of a molecule and total random kinetic energy of all the molecules in 6 moles of air gas at a temperature of 700 K. (Molar mass of air is 28.97 x 10 ³ mole/kg, and kB = 1.38 x 10 23 J/K)arrow_forward(II) What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules containedin an 8.5 -m3 volume at 2.9 atm if the total amount ofnitrogen is 2100 mol?arrow_forward(a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical balloon of diameter 30.8 cm at 18.0°C and 1.00 atm? atoms (b) What is the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms? ] (c) What is the rms speed of the helium atoms? km/sarrow_forward
- (I) A gas is at 20°C. To what temperature must it be raisedto triple the rms speed of its molecules?arrow_forwardCalculate the rms speed of helium atoms near the surface of the Sun at a temperature of about 5700 K. If 3.96 m3 of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.09 atm , the temperature of the gas rises to 38.4 ∘C.What is the volume? You buy an "airtight" bag of potato chips packaged at sea level, and take the chips on an airplane flight. When you take the potato chips out of your "carry-on" bag, you notice it has noticeably "puffed up."Airplane cabins are typically pressurized at 0.73 atm, and assuming the temperature inside an airplane is about the same as inside a potato chip processing plant, by what percentage has the bag "puffed up" in comparison to when it was packaged? What is the pressure inside a 39.0 L container holding 105.2 kg of argon gas at 22.5 ∘C? The rms speed of molecules in a gas at 22 ∘C is to be increased by 8.0%.To what temperature must it be raised?arrow_forwardAt what temperature are helium gas atoms the same effective speed as hydrogen gas molecules at 20 ° C?arrow_forward
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