PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PB) >CUSTOM<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781307364545
Author: Tillery
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 23AC
The seismic waves that cause the most damage during an earthquake are
a. P-waves.
b. S-waves.
c. surface waves.
d. P- and S-waves.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PB) >CUSTOM<
Ch. 18 - 1. The core of Earth is composed of
a. iron and...Ch. 18 - 2. The middle part of Earth's interior is
a....Ch. 18 - 3. The separation of materials that gave Earth its...Ch. 18 - 4. A vibration that moves through any part of...Ch. 18 - 5. The S-wave is a
a. longitudinal wave.
b....Ch. 18 - 6. Waves that occur where S- or P-waves reach the...Ch. 18 - 7. The three main areas of Earth’s interior are
a....Ch. 18 - 8. The boundary between the crust and the mantle...Ch. 18 - 9. The mantle is composed of
a. sulfides.
b....Ch. 18 - 10. Seismological studies suggests that the...
Ch. 18 - 11. Evidence from meteorite studies proposes that...Ch. 18 - 12. The layer in Earth where seismic waves sharply...Ch. 18 - 13. The layer that is broken up into plates that...Ch. 18 - 14. The name of the single large continent...Ch. 18 - 15. Records of the strength and directions of...Ch. 18 - 16. The chain of mountains found in the center of...Ch. 18 - 17. Long, deep, and narrow oceanic trenches are...Ch. 18 - 18. The theory that the lithosphere is composed of...Ch. 18 - 19. The plate boundary associated with the...Ch. 18 - 20. The movement of one plate under another plate...Ch. 18 - 21. Transform boundaries occur when
a. two plates...Ch. 18 - 22. What is the current theory about why the...Ch. 18 - 23. The seismic waves that cause the most damage...Ch. 18 - 24. Earth’s mantle has a chemical composition that...Ch. 18 - 25. From seismological data, Earth’s shadow zone...Ch. 18 - 26. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is a change in...Ch. 18 - 27. The oldest rocks are found in
a. continental...Ch. 18 - 28. The least dense rocks are found in
a....Ch. 18 - 29. The idea of seafloor spreading along the...Ch. 18 - 30. According to the plate tectonics theory,...Ch. 18 - 31. The presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of...Ch. 18 - 32. The presence of an oceanic trench with shallow...Ch. 18 - 33. The ongoing occurrence of earthquakes without...Ch. 18 - 34. The evidence that Earth's core is part liquid...Ch. 18 - 35. The surfaces of early planets in our solar...Ch. 18 - 36. The early Earth’s core is thought to have...Ch. 18 - 37. Indirect evidence that supports the theory of...Ch. 18 - 38. The oceanic crust is
a. thicker than the...Ch. 18 - 39. Seismic waves that do not travel through...Ch. 18 - 40. The fastest seismic wave is the
a. P-wave.
b....Ch. 18 - 41. Information about the composition and nature...Ch. 18 - 42. Primary information about the nature of the...Ch. 18 - 43. The asthenosphere is not defined as
a....Ch. 18 - 44. Earth’s magnetic field is thought to be...Ch. 18 - 45. Studies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provided...Ch. 18 - 46. Evidence that supports seafloor spreading does...Ch. 18 - 47. A geologic feature that was produced by...Ch. 18 - 48. Which type of plate boundary accounts for the...Ch. 18 - 49. Which type of plate boundary was responsible...Ch. 18 - 50. A famous transform boundary in the United...Ch. 18 - 51. Plate movement is measured by
a. reflected...Ch. 18 - 52. Islands that form when melted subducted...Ch. 18 - 1. Describe one theory of how Earth came to have a...Ch. 18 - 2. Briefly describe the internal composition and...Ch. 18 - 3. What is the asthenosphere? Why is it important...Ch. 18 - 4. Describe the parts of Earth included in the (a)...Ch. 18 - 5. What is continental drift? How is it different...Ch. 18 - 6. Rocks, sediments, and fossils around an oceanic...Ch. 18 - 7. Describe the origin of the magnetic strip...Ch. 18 - 8. Explain why ancient rocks are not found on the...Ch. 18 - 9. Describe the three major types of plate...Ch. 18 - 10. What is an island arc? Where are they found?...Ch. 18 -
11. Briefly describe a model that explains how...Ch. 18 - 12. Briefly describe the theory of plate tectonics...Ch. 18 - 13. What is an oceanic trench? What is the...Ch. 18 - 14. Describe the probable source of all the...Ch. 18 - 15. The northwestern coast of the United States...Ch. 18 - 16. Explain how the crust of Earth is involved in...Ch. 18 - 1. Why are there no active volcanoes in the...Ch. 18 - 2. Describe cycles that occur on Earth's surface...Ch. 18 - 3. Discuss evidence that would explain why plate...Ch. 18 - 4. Analyze why you would expect most earthquakes...Ch. 18 - 1. The rate at which the temperature increases...Ch. 18 - 2. Based on a geothermal gradient of 15°C/km, what...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 18 - 4. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at the depth of...Ch. 18 - 5. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at a depth of 75...Ch. 18 - 6. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at the base of...Ch. 18 - 7. Wood floating in water can demonstrate how the...Ch. 18 - 8. A teacher would like to demonstrate the...Ch. 18 - 9. A survey of a mid-oceanic ridge determined the...Ch. 18 - 10. GPS stations on two separate plates have...Ch. 18 - 11. What is the geothermal gradient along a...Ch. 18 - 12. What are the subduction direction and slope of...Ch. 18 - 13. What are the subduction direction and slope,...Ch. 18 - 14. Earthquake data from a subduction zone are...Ch. 18 - 15. The North American Plate is moving west at a...
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- If you wanted to live where the chances of a destructive earthquake were small, would you pick a location near a fault zone, near a mid ocean ridge, near a subduction zone, or on a volcanic island such as Hawaii? What are the relative risks of earthquakes at each of these locations?arrow_forwardAssume P waves travel at 10 km/s and S waves travel at 5 km/s. If the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a seismographic station 10 minutes after the P waves, how far away was the earthquake from the station’arrow_forwardThe intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 2.0×106 J/(m2⋅s)J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 58 kmkm from the sourceAt what rate did energy pass through an area of 5.0 m2m2 at 2.0 kmkm ?arrow_forward
- 12. Which part of the earth makes up about one-third of earth’s total mass and is mostly iron witha solid part and a part that acts like a liquid?A. mantle B. core C. crust D. asthenospherearrow_forwardThe intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 1.5×106 J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 46 km from the source. What was its intensity when it passed a point only 2.0 km from the source? At what rate did energy pass through an area of 3.0 m2m2 at 2.0 km?arrow_forwardIdentify and describe the 3 types of Seismic waves.arrow_forward
- How far from a seismic station did an earthquake occur if S-waves arrived there 7 minutes after P-waves. (You may assume that P- and S-waves travel at speeds of 5 km/s and 3 km/s, respectively).arrow_forwardUse the Richter scale r=log 1/i0 to find the intensity of the following earthquakes (let i0=1) a. magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Peru (2015) b. Magnitude 5.5 earthquake in Pakistan c how many times more intense was the earthquake in Peru compared to the one in Pakistanarrow_forwardThe Hawaiian Islands have formed as the Pacific Plate moves northwestward over a hot spot of Earth’s interior that provides magma to form several volcanos. Explain what could happen if the Pacific Plate continues to move.arrow_forward
- A strong R = 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck off a group of islands, where R is the Richter number. Its intensity is of the form I=aR. Find a. (Enter an exact number.)arrow_forward13.) Seismic waves are transverse waves that travel only on Earth's surface. a. true b. falsearrow_forwardEarthquakes produce several types of shock waves. The most well-known are the P-waves (P for primary or pressure) and the S-waves (S for secondary or shear). In the earth's crust, the P-waves travel at around 6.5 km/s while the S-waves move at about 3.5 km/s. The actual speeds vary depending on the type of material they are going through. The time delay between the arrival of these two waves at a seismic recording station tells geologists how far away the earthquake occurred. If the time delay is 33 s, how far from the seismic station did the earthquake occur?arrow_forward
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