Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781259663895
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 18, Problem 24MC
To determine
Why the stars with 100 times more than as massive as the sun does not exist.
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What makes us think that the star system Cygnus X-1 contains a black hole?
A, It emits X rays characteristic of an accretion disk, but the unseen star in the system is too
massive to be a neutron star.
B. No light is emitted from this star system, so it must contain a black hole.
C. The fact that we see strong X-ray emission tells us that the system must contain a black
hole.
D.Cygnus X-1 is a powerful X-ray burster, so it must contain a black hole.
The chemical abundance of population I stars
a.
indicates that they were formed before the population II stars.
b.
indicates that the material they formed from had been enriched with material from supernovae.
c.
indicates that they contain very few heavy metals compared to halo stars.
d.
depends on the temperature of the star.
e.
depends on the mass of the star.
What kind of star is most likely to become a white-dwarf supernova?
A. a star like our Sun
B. a white dwarf star with a red giant binary companion
C. a pulsar
D. an O star
Is the answer B?
For D, as the surface temperature of a star would change over time so spectral type cannot tell us about the fate of the stars?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1MCCh. 18 - Prob. 2MCCh. 18 - Prob. 3MCCh. 18 - Prob. 4MCCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Prob. 6MCCh. 18 - Prob. 7MCCh. 18 - Prob. 8MCCh. 18 - Prob. 9MCCh. 18 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11MCCh. 18 - Prob. 12MCCh. 18 - Prob. 13MCCh. 18 - Prob. 14MCCh. 18 - Prob. 15MCCh. 18 - Prob. 16MCCh. 18 - If we know both the luminosity and brightness of a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18MCCh. 18 - Prob. 19MCCh. 18 - Prob. 20MCCh. 18 - Prob. 21MCCh. 18 - Prob. 22MCCh. 18 - Prob. 23MCCh. 18 - Prob. 24MCCh. 18 - Prob. 25MCCh. 18 - Prob. 26MCCh. 18 - Prob. 27MCCh. 18 - Prob. 28MCCh. 18 - Prob. 29MCCh. 18 - Prob. 30MCCh. 18 - Prob. 31MCCh. 18 - Prob. 32MCCh. 18 - Prob. 33MCCh. 18 - Prob. 34MCCh. 18 - Prob. 35MCCh. 18 - Prob. 36MCCh. 18 - Prob. 37MCCh. 18 - Prob. 38MCCh. 18 - Prob. 39MCCh. 18 - Black holes are remnants of a. stars with small...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1ECh. 18 - Prob. 2ECh. 18 - Prob. 3ECh. 18 - Prob. 4ECh. 18 - Prob. 5ECh. 18 - Prob. 6ECh. 18 - Prob. 7ECh. 18 - Prob. 8ECh. 18 - Prob. 9ECh. 18 - Prob. 10ECh. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - Prob. 12ECh. 18 - Prob. 13ECh. 18 - Prob. 14ECh. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - Prob. 16ECh. 18 - Prob. 17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18ECh. 18 - Prob. 19ECh. 18 - Prob. 20ECh. 18 - Prob. 21ECh. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 - Prob. 23ECh. 18 - Prob. 24ECh. 18 - Prob. 25ECh. 18 - Prob. 26ECh. 18 - Prob. 27ECh. 18 - Prob. 28ECh. 18 - Prob. 29ECh. 18 - Prob. 30ECh. 18 - Prob. 31ECh. 18 - Prob. 32ECh. 18 - Prob. 33ECh. 18 - Prob. 34ECh. 18 - Prob. 35ECh. 18 - Prob. 36ECh. 18 - Prob. 37ECh. 18 - Prob. 38ECh. 18 - Prob. 39ECh. 18 - Prob. 40ECh. 18 - Prob. 41ECh. 18 - Prob. 42ECh. 18 - Prob. 43ECh. 18 - Prob. 44ECh. 18 - Prob. 45ECh. 18 - Prob. 46ECh. 18 - Prob. 47ECh. 18 - Prob. 48ECh. 18 - Prob. 49ECh. 18 - Prob. 50ECh. 18 - Prob. 51ECh. 18 - Prob. 52ECh. 18 - Prob. 53ECh. 18 - Prob. 54ECh. 18 - Prob. 55ECh. 18 - How large are black holes? Can any star evolve...Ch. 18 - Prob. 57ECh. 18 - Prob. 58E
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- 3. Brown dwarfs are ____. a. stars with a very thick dust sphere around them, so they appear “brown” b. low mass M type stars with hundreds of planets c. an anomaly because they are extremely small but have relatively high temperature d. protostars that could not ignite the fusion of hydrogen at their core e. has a surface temperature of 2500 K by fusing hydrogen I asked this question onece already, but the answer I got said the answer was C because "AT 2700K THEY ARE HOT" or something to that effect. I tried to find a way to reply to that thread. My argument was that even if brown dwarfs were 2700k (and my book says that's closer to the temperature of red dwarfs and that brown dwarfs are usually around 1000K). Seeing that we are studying the life cycle and evolution of all stars, wouldn't either of those temperatures be on the relatively COOL side of all star temperatures? Wouldn't the most appropriate answer be D.?arrow_forwardThe diagram below shows an H-R diagram with life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various stages labeled A through E. Temperature What will happen to the star after stage E? A. It will gain mass until it collapses under its own weight. B. It will begin burning carbon in its core. C. It will explode in a supernova. D. It will collapse to make a neutron star. E. It will eject a planetary nebula. Luminosity →arrow_forward2GM What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.6 Mo neutron star? From a 3.0 M. neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. ; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) 1.6 Mo neutron star km/s 3.0 Me neutron star km/sarrow_forward
- Which of the following binary star systems cannot exist? A. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. B. A 15 solar-mass main sequence star and a 10 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. C. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar-mass main sequence star. D. A 2 solar-mass main sequence star and a 1 solar mass red giant with a size a few times smaller than the orbital distance.arrow_forward2GM What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.1 Mo neutron star? From a 3.0 M, neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. = make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) 1.1 Me neutron star km/s 3.0 M. neutron star km/sarrow_forwardAstronomers us the P-Cygni line features in a spectrum of a supernova to... Select one alternative: ...measure the velocity of the supernova ejecta. ...to measure the rotation speed of the star that exploded. ...measure the composition of the supernova ejecta more accurately than with other lines. ...to measure the mass of the neutron star or black hole formed in the supernova.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is wrong? A. Tidal effects in a binary star system become more important when one or both stars become giant stars. B. There is no fusion occurring in the core of a low-mass red giant star. C. Gold (the element) is produced during the supernova explosions of high-mass stars. D. Suppose the star Betelgeuse were to become a supernova tomorrow, we'd see by naked eyes a cloud of gas expanding away from the position where Betelgeuse used to be. Over a period of a few weeks, this cloud would fill a large part of our sky.arrow_forwardWhy don’t all supernova remnants contain pulsars? a. All supernova remnants do contain pulsars. b. Some supernova explosions form white dwarfs instead of the neutron stars necessary for pulsars. c. Pulsars slow down and quit producing the pulses before the supernova remnant dissipates. d. The pulsar may be tipped so that the beams do not sweep past Earth. e. b and carrow_forwardYou discover a binary star system in which one member is a 15 solar-mass main-sequence star and the other star is a 10 solar-mass giant. Why should you be surprised, at least at first? A. It doesn't make sense to find a giant in a binary star system. B. The two stars in a binary system should both be at the same point in stellar evolution; that is, they should either both be main-sequence stars or both be giants. C. The two stars should be the same age, so the more massive one should have become a giant first. D. The odds of ever finding two such massive stars in the same binary system are so small as to make it inconceivable that such a system could be discovered. E. A star with a mass of 15 solar-mass is too big to be a main-sequence star.arrow_forward
- As a white dwarf cools, its radius will not change because a. pressure resulting from nuclear reactions in a shell just below the surface keeps it from collapsing. b. pressure does not depend on temperature for a white dwarf because the electrons are degenerate. c. pressure does not depend on temperature because the white dwarf is too hot. d. pressure does not depend on temperature because the star has exhausted all its nuclear fuels. e. material accreting onto it from a companion maintains a constant radius.arrow_forwardA group of graduate students, bored during a cloudy night at a the observatory, begin to make bets about the time different stars will take to evolve. If they have a cluster of stars which were all born roughly the same time, and want to know which star will become a red giant first, which of the following stars should they bet on? a. a star that would type O on the main sequence star b. a star about 1/2 the mass of our sun c. a star about 8% the mass of our sun d. all stars reach the red giant stage in roughly the same number of yearsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is wrong? A. A main-sequence star is cooler and brighter than it was as a protostar. B. Carbon fusion occurs in high-mass stars but not in low-mass stars because the cores of low-mass stars never contain significant amounts of carbon. C. when a main-sequence star exhausts its core hydrogen fuel supply, the core shrinks while the rest of the star expands. D. After a supernova explosion, the remains of the stellar core will be either a neutron star or a black hole.arrow_forward
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