You have scored a great internship with NASA, working on planning for an upcoming mission to Mars. The transfer orbit to Mars will last for several months and will require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen and 1.00 mol of methane as a byproduct. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the orientation of the spacecraft by controlled venting. A single astronaut exhales 1.09 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the respiration recycling of three astronauts during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 150-L tank at −45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank?
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
- You are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Your spaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with an approximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m³. (a) Calculate the time it takes your spaceship to reach Sirius. (b) Determine the mass of interstellar gas that collides with your spaceship during the mission. Note: Use 1.673 × 10¬27 kg as proton mass.arrow_forwardYou are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Your spaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with an approximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m³.arrow_forwardYou are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Your spaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with an approximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m3 . (a) Calculate the time it takes your spaceship to reach Sirius. (b) Determine the mass of interstellar gas that collides with your spaceship during the mission. Note: Use 1.673 × 10−27 kg as proton mass. Considering the effect of time dilation c)how many years will have passed from your perspective?d) at what earth date will you arrive to earth? ( your spaceship launches in june 2020 and returns back to earth directly from sirius)arrow_forward
- Using AMM, solve for: a. Y. (mm) b. ӨЕ (гad) P= 128 kN E = 200 GPa, I= 3.125x10° mm* P (kN) kN/m 75 60 kN/m 2m 1m 3m 3m 90 kN.m A B Earrow_forwardLet us consider a bacterial cell that depends on chemical reactions using oxygen to produce energy. The cell needs to obtain molecular oxygen from the extra-cellular medium by diffusion through the cell membrane. We model the cell as a water-filled sphere of radius 1 µm. This means that we neglect the presence of the internal structures of the cell: nucleus, nutrients, etc. The oxygen diffusion coefficient (O2) in water at 25°C is 1.0x10-5 cm².s'. Figure 1: Transmission electron microscope Reminder: The distance travelled by diffusion can be picture of a bacterium. [from Wikipedia: written as L(t) = V6Dt, where D is the diffusion coefficient and t the diffusion time. "Transmission Electron Microscopy"| 2. Diffusion as a function of time People have measured the distance travelled by the oxygen molecule in water as a function of time. The results are given in the table below. 0.1 t(s) L (x10-“m) log1o(t) log10(L) 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 2.45 5.4 7.7 17.3 25.5 Draw the plot of L as a…arrow_forwardThe unit cell of platinum has a length of 392.0 pm along each side. Use this length (and the fact that Pt has a face-centered unit cell) to calculate the density of platinum metal in kg/m3 (Hint: you will need the atomic mass of platinum and Avogadro's number).arrow_forward
- Ceres is the largest asteriod in the Solar System.But with a mass of q.38 x 102º kg, a radius of 469.73 KM,and a maximum surface temperature of - 38.15°C it doesn't have enough gravity to keep an atmosphere.If the density of Ceres were to remain the same, what would its radius need to be (in kilometers) for itš escape velocity to the rms speed Of Hydrogen gas (H,) ot its maximum svrface temperature?arrow_forwardYour spaceship has docked at a space station above Mars. The temperature inside the space station is a carefully controlled 24 ∘C at a pressure of 745 mmHg. A balloon with a volume of 437 mL drifts into the airlock where the temperature is −95 ∘C and the pressure is 0.115 atm. What is the final volume, in milliliters, of the balloon if n does not change and the balloon is very elastic?arrow_forwardP1B.7 Calculate the escape velocity (the minimum initial velocity that will take an object to in nity) from the surface of a planet of radius R. What is the value for (i) the Earth, R = 6.37 × 106 m, g = 9.81 m s−2, (ii) Mars, R = 3.38 ×106 m, mMars/mEarth = 0.108. At what temperatures do H2, He, and O2 molecules have mean speeds equal to their escape speeds? What proportion of the molecules have enough speed to escape when the temperature is (i) 240 K, (ii) 1500 K? Calculations of this kind are very important in considering the composition of planetary atmospheres.arrow_forward
- Imagine you are in line to enter a brand new shopping mall and you are very much excited because after months of waiting, you will now be able to enter shopping malls after the pandemic. The stores comprising the mall are very popular. These stores include Converse, Gucci, Jansport, Fendi and all other popular brands, and so the demand to enter is very high. Security guards only allow one person through the doors at a time. As a result, the line and the wait are quite long. To add to the chaos, the waiting crowd is made mostly of frequent shoppers who are growing very impatient and holding up the line with their constant complains. Together, these factors affect the flow of customers into the shopping mall, just as electric resistance affects the flow of charges through a current. 1. What makes less resistance favorable in a circuit? 2.If the guard formed two adjacent lines to allow two people into the mall at a time, we would expect the mall to be filled up faster. If we encased these…arrow_forwardAn underground tunnel has two openings, with one opening a few meters higher than the other. If air moves past the higher opening at a greater speed than it moves past the lower opening, what happens inside the tunnel?arrow_forwardThe most dangerous particles in polluted air are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm because they can penetrate deeply into the lungs. A 15-cm-tall closed container holds a sample of polluted air containing many spherical particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm and a mass of 2.6 x 10-14 kg. How long does it take for all of the particles to settle to the bottom of the container?arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning