Bundle: Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced, Loose-Leaf Version, 13th + MindTap Astronomy, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337214353
Author: Seeds, Michael A., Backman, Dana
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 2DQ
To determine
Copernicus and Cosmological principle.
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Perhaps the most fundamental problem in all of astronomy is the determination of distance to the various objects in the cosmos. Which of the following seems least reasonable regarding the various measurement techniques:
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The Hubble Law relates the recessional speed of distant objects (measured with the Doppler Effect) to distance.
Hubble law is most useful for determining the distance to nearby objects, while parallax is most useful for the more distant objects.
We can determine the position of a star on the H-R diagram through spectral analysis and then figure out the distance by comparing absolute luminosity (from H-R diagram) to apparent brightness.
The distance to nearby stars can be determined by measuring parallax.
The distance to the planets in our solar can be determined by measuring the time for a radar signal to reach a planet, bounce off, and return.
Consider three cosmological perspectives – the geocentric perspective, the heliocentric perspective, and the modern perspective – in which the Sun is a minor star on the outskirts of one galaxy among billions. Discuss some of the cultural and philosophical implications of each point of view.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Bundle: Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced, Loose-Leaf Version, 13th + MindTap Astronomy, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
Ch. 18 - Is cosmology the study of the Universe, the...Ch. 18 - Is a cosmologist an astronomer? Is an astronomer a...Ch. 18 - How does the darkness of the night sky tell you...Ch. 18 - Explain the differences among the observable...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5RQCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Prob. 8RQCh. 18 - Prob. 9RQCh. 18 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - If you accept the cosmological principle, how can...Ch. 18 - Why cant an open universe have a center? How can a...Ch. 18 - In which type of model universe is space-time...Ch. 18 - In which type of model universe is space-time...Ch. 18 - What is the fate of a closed universe? In what...Ch. 18 - In which model universe does the average density...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18RQCh. 18 - What evidence shows that the Universe is...Ch. 18 - Why couldnt atomic nuclei exist when the Universe...Ch. 18 - Why are measurements of the current density of the...Ch. 18 - What percentage of matter is ordinary matter? What...Ch. 18 - How does the inflationary universe hypothesis...Ch. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - What is the evidence that the Universe was...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - If the Universe is negatively curved, and dark...Ch. 18 - What is the difference between hot dark matter and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 29RQCh. 18 - What evidence can you cite that the Universe's...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31RQCh. 18 - Reasoning by analogy often helps make complicated...Ch. 18 - Prob. 33RQCh. 18 - Prob. 1DQCh. 18 - Prob. 2DQCh. 18 - Prob. 3DQCh. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Measure the lengths of the two arrows in the left...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - Find the wavelength of maximum intensity of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10PCh. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 4LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 6LTL
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- Consider three cosmological perspectives-the geocentric perspective, the heliocentric perspective, and the modern perspective-in which the Sun is a minor star on the outskirts of one galaxy among billions. Discuss some of the cultural and philosophical implications of each point of view.arrow_forwardAccording to the cosmological principle, our place in the universe does not appear to be particularly special compared to any other and it allows us to make predictions about the development of other galaxies and the evolution of the universe. The principle relies on Hubble's results that the universe appears to be the same in all directions (aka it is Question Blank 1 of 2) {hint: one word} and that any large region of space at a given distance from us appears like any other large region of space at a similar distance from us (aka it is Question Blank 2 of 2) {hint: one word}arrow_forwardmathematician Archimedes, responding to a claim that the number of grains of sand was infinite, calculated that the number of grains of sand needed to fill the universe was on the order of 1063. Our understanding of the size of the universe has changed since then, and we now know that the observable universe alone is a sphere with a radius of 1026 m. Estimating the size of a grain of sand, A) Approximately how many grains of sand would fill the observable universe? B) How many times larger or smaller is this number than Archimedes' result?arrow_forward
- In what ways did the astronomical observations of Galileo support a heliocentric cosmology? Describe in detail at least two specific examples.arrow_forwardI'm doing a debate about Kalam cosmological. I need to have an example of something out of nothing (Or maybe we can't prove the cause)? Can you help give 5 modern physics example?arrow_forwardWhat do you think of the statement: The universe has no center and no edge (or boundary)?arrow_forward
- Using our example from the previous unit, let's try to determine the Hubble time for this example universe. You were given that a good representative galaxy receded at a speed of 4000 km/s and was found to be 20 Mpc away. With that in mind, what would the age of that universe be in years (aka what is that universe's Hubble time)? Go ahead and take the number of kilometers per Mpc to be approximately 3.1*10^19 km/Mpc. While this problem may look scary at first, this is really just bringing you full circle to one of the unit conversion problems you encountered at the beginning of this course.arrow_forwardConsider the following line element, ds² = -dt² + a² (t) (dx² + dy²) + b²(t) dz², where a(t) and b(t) are distinct functions. State whether or not this line element obeys the Cosmological Principle, if applied to describe the universe on large scales. Justify your answer.arrow_forwardCan i get help with cosmology questions herearrow_forward
- When asked about his thoughts on a new scientific hypothesis, Wolfgang Pauli once said: “That's not right, that's not even wrong.” What fundamental principle of science was he alluding to? And why is the second part of this quote more important than the first?arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Values: n = 1*10^80arrow_forward
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