Mindtap Astronomy, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Seeds/backman's Foundations Of Astronomy, 14th
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399975
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 30RQ
Why would the astronomically short lifetime of gas and dust disks around protostars pose a problem in understanding how the Jovian planets formed? What modification of the solar nebula theory might solve this problem?
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How would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled, with a temperature half its actual value? [select all that apply]
options:
There would be more comets.
Life would have been very unlikely to evolve here.
There would be no comets.
There would be fewer asteroids.
There would be more asteroids.
Jovian planets would have formed closer to Sun.
Terrestrial planets would be large
If you could visit another planetary system while the planets are forming, would you expect to see the condensation sequence at work, or do you think that process was most likely unique to our Solar System? How do the properties of the extrasolar planets discovered so far affect your answer?
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If the solar nebula hypothesis is correct, do you think there are more planets in the Universe than stars? Why or why not?
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Mindtap Astronomy, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Seeds/backman's Foundations Of Astronomy, 14th
Ch. 18 - Why was the nebular hypothesis never fully...Ch. 18 - What produced the helium now present in the Suns...Ch. 18 - What produced the iron and heavier elements such...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4RQCh. 18 - What evidence can you give that disks of gas and...Ch. 18 - Why is the solar nebula theory considered a theory...Ch. 18 - According to the solar nebula theory, why is...Ch. 18 - According to the solar nebula theory, why is there...Ch. 18 - Why does the solar nebula theory predict that...Ch. 18 - What evidence can you give that the Solar System...
Ch. 18 - What planet in the Solar System is larger than the...Ch. 18 - Why is almost every solid surface in the Solar...Ch. 18 - What is the difference between condensation and...Ch. 18 - Why dont Terrestrial planets have ring systems...Ch. 18 - How does the solar nebula theory help you...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16RQCh. 18 - If rocks obtained from the Moon indicate an age of...Ch. 18 - Which is older, the Moon or the Sun? How do you...Ch. 18 - How does the solar nebula theory explain the...Ch. 18 - Did hydrogen gas condense from the nebula as the...Ch. 18 - What happens if a planet has differentiated? Would...Ch. 18 - Order the following steps in the formation of a...Ch. 18 - Which step(s) listed in the previous question can...Ch. 18 - Describe two processes that could melt the...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that Jupiter and Saturn are...Ch. 18 - Describe two processes that cleared the solar...Ch. 18 - What is the difference between a planetesimal and...Ch. 18 - Does Uranus have enough mass to have formed by...Ch. 18 - What properties of the gas and dust disks observed...Ch. 18 - Why would the astronomically short lifetime of gas...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31RQCh. 18 - Describe three methods to find extrasolar planets.Ch. 18 - Why is the existence of hot Jupiters puzzling?...Ch. 18 - The evidence is overwhelming that the Grand Canyon...Ch. 18 - Prob. 35RQCh. 18 - If you observed the Solar System from the vantage...Ch. 18 - Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude 4.7...Ch. 18 - What is the smallest-diameter crater you can...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 18 - You analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 18 - Examine Table 18-2. What might a planets...Ch. 18 - Suppose that Earth grew to its present size in 10...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 1SOPCh. 18 - Prob. 2SOPCh. 18 - What do you see in this image that indicates this...Ch. 18 - Why do astronomers conclude that the surface of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 18 - Prob. 4LTL
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- Present theory suggests that giant planets cannot form without condensation of water ice, which becomes vapor at the high temperatures close to a star. So how can we explain the presence of jovian-sized exoplanets closer to their star than Mercury is to our Sun?arrow_forwardHow does the solar nebula theory explain the significant density difference between the Terrestrial and Jovian planets?arrow_forwardExplain the role of impacts in planetary evolution, including both giant impacts and more modest ones.arrow_forward
- Explain why visual observation of the gas giants is not sufficient to determine their rotation periods, and what evidence was used to deduce the correct periods.arrow_forwardIn the context of the giant planets and the conditions in their interiors, what is meant by “rock” and “ice”?arrow_forwardDescribe the solar nebula, and outline the sequence of events within the nebula that gave rise to the planetesimals.arrow_forward
- What evidence can you give that disks of gas and dust are common around young stars?arrow_forwardWhich step(s) listed in the previous question can be eliminated in models that form Jovian planets in thousands of years, a time frame that solves the Jovian problem? Order the following steps in the formation of a Terrestrial planet chronologically: gravitational collapse, accretion, outgassing, condensation, and differentiation.arrow_forwardDescribe four differences between the two ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, and the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. (Hint: Review Celestial Profiles for all of these planets.)arrow_forward
- Why do the giant planets and their moons have compositions different from those of the terrestrial planets?arrow_forwardExamine Table 18-2. What might a planets composition be if the planet formed in a region of the solar nebula where the temperature was about 1200 K?arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers conclude that none of the Jovian planets' rings can be left over from the formation of the planets?arrow_forward
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