Concept explainers
(a) Give the IUPAC name for A and B. (b) Draw the product formed when A or B is treated with each reagent: 1.
(a)
Interpretation: The IUPAC name for A and B is to be determined.
Concept introduction: IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming the organic compounds. The basic principles of IUPAC naming for hydrocarbon are:
1. The hydrocarbon is named after the carbon chain containing higher number of carbon atoms.
2. For functional group such as aldehyde suffix ‘al’ and for ketone suffix ‘one’ is added to the name.
3. When the chain is substituted with different substituents, then the numbering is done according to priority.
Answer to Problem 37P
The IUPAC name for A and B is
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is,
Figure 1
The red coloured balls have two bonds. So, these are the oxygen atoms. Black coloured atoms have four bonds. So, these are the carbon atoms. The grey coloured balls have one bond. So, these are the hydrogen atoms. The molecular structure is,
Figure 2
The parent hydrocarbon is butane. The functional group present is aldehyde. Two methyl groups are present on third carbon atom. When same substituents are present, then prefix depends on the number of substituents. The IUPAC name of the compound is
The given compound is,
Figure 3
The red coloured balls have two bonds. So, these are the oxygen atoms. Black coloured atoms have four bonds. So, these are the carbon atoms. The grey coloured balls have one bond. So, these are the hydrogen atoms. The molecular structure is,
Figure 4
The parent hydrocarbon is cyclohexane. The functional group present is ketone. Methyl group is present on fifth carbon atom and isopropyl group is present on third carbon atom. The IUPAC name of the compound is
The IUPAC name for A and B is
(b)
Interpretation: The products formed when B is treated with given reagents are to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The metal hydride reagents are good reducing agents such as
Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.
Answer to Problem 37P
The products formed when B is treated with given reagents are,
Explanation of Solution
1. In the presence of
Figure 5
The product formed is
2. The Grignard reagent reacts with compound B to form secondary alcohol. The corresponding reaction is shown below.
Figure 6
The product formed is
3. When compound B is treated with
Figure 7
The product formed is
4. The compound B reacts with
Figure 8
The product formed is
5. The product formed by the reaction of compound B with ethylene glycol in the presence of
Figure 9
The products formed when B is treated with given reagents are shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning