1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics In One Dimension 3 Kinematics In Two Or Three Dimensions; Vectors 4 Dynamics: Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces 6 Gravitation And Newton's Synthesis 7 Work And Energy 8 Conservation Of Energy 9 Linear Momentum 10 Rotationalmotion 11 Angular Momentum; General Rotation 12 Static Equilibrium; Elasticity And Fracture 13 Fluids 14 Oscillations 15 Wave Motion 16 Sound 17 Temperature, Thermal Expansion And The Ideal Gas Law 18 Kinetic Theory Of Gases 19 Heat And The First Law Of Thermodynamics 20 Second Law Of Thermodynamics 21 Electric Charge And Electric Field 22 Gauss's Law 23 Electric Potential 24 Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage 25 Electric Currents And Resistance 26 Dc Circuits 27 Magnetism 28 Sources Of Magnetic Field 29 Electromagnetic Induction And Faraday's Law 30 Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, And Ac Circuits 31 Maxwell's Equation And Electromagnetic Waves 32 Light: Reflection And Refraction 33 Lenses And Optical Instruments 34 The Wave Nature Of Light: Interference 35 Diffraction And Polarization 36 Special Theory Of Relativity 37 Early Quantum Theory And Models Of The Atom 38 Quantum Mechanics 39 Quantum Mechanics Of Atoms 40 Molecules And Solids 41 Nuclear Physics And Radioactivity 42 Nuclear Energy; Effects And Uses Of Radiation 43 Elementary Particles 44 Astrophysics And Cosmology expand_more
18.1 The Ideal Gas Law And The Molecular Interpretation Of Temperature 18.2 Distribution Of Molecular Speeds 18.3 Real Gases And Changes Of Phase 18.4 Vapor Pressure And Humidity 18.5 Van Der Waals Equation Of State 18.6 Mean Free Path 18.7 Diffusion Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1Q: Why doesnt the size of different molecules enter into the ideal gas law? Problem 2Q: When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pushing down a piston) its temperature increases. When a... Problem 3Q: In Section 181 we assumed the gas molecules made perfectly elastic collisions with the walls of the... Problem 4Q: Explain in words how Charless law follows from kinetic theory and the relation between average... Problem 5Q Problem 6Q: As you go higher in the Earths atmosphere, the ratio of N2 molecules to O2 molecules increases Why? Problem 7Q Problem 8Q: Is temperature a macroscopic or microscopic variable? Problem 9Q: Explain why the peak of the curve for 310 K in Fig. 18-3 is not as high as for 273 K. (Assume the... Problem 10Q: Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the minimum speed an object must have to leave the Earth and... Problem 11Q Problem 12Q: If the pressure in a gas is doubled while its volume is held constant, by what factor do (a) vrms... Problem 13Q: What everyday observation would tell you that not all molecules in a material have the same speed? Problem 14Q Problem 15Q: Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at room temperature. What can you infer about the... Problem 16Q: Explain why a hot humid day is far more uncomfortable than a hot dry day at the same temperature. Problem 17Q: Is it possible to boil water at room temperature (20C) without healing it? Explain. Problem 18Q: What exactly does it mean when we say that oxygen boils at 183C? Problem 19Q: A length of thin wire is placed over a block of ice (or an ice cube) at 0C and weights are hung from... Problem 20Q: Consider two days when the air temperature is the same but the humidity is different. Which is more... Problem 21Q: (a) Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker? (b) Why does pasta or rice need to boil longer... Problem 22Q: How do a gas and a vapor differ? Problem 23Q: (a) At suitable temperatures and pressures, can ice be melted by applying pressure? (b) At suitable... Problem 24Q: Why does dry ice not last long at room temperature? Problem 25Q: Under what conditions can liquid CO2 exist? Be specific. Can it exist as a liquid at normal room... Problem 26Q: Why does exhaled air appear as a little white cloud in the winter (Fig. 1816)? FIGURE 1816 Problem 27Q Problem 1P Problem 2P Problem 3P: (I) By what factor will the rms speed of gas molecules increase if the temperature is increased from... Problem 4P: (I) A gas is at 20C. To what temperature must it be raised to triple the rms speed of its molecules? Problem 5P: (I) What speed would a 1.0-g paper clip have if it had the same kinetic energy as a molecule at 15C? Problem 6P: (I) A 1.0-mol sample of hydrogen gas has a temperature of 27C. (a) What is the total kinetic energy... Problem 7P: (I) Twelve molecules have the following speeds, given in arbitrary units: 6.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 0.0,... Problem 8P: (II) The rms speed of molecules in a gas at 20.0C is to be increased by 2.0%. To what temperature... Problem 9P: (II) If the pressure in a gas is tripled while its volume is held constant, by what factor does rms... Problem 10P Problem 11P: (II) Show that for a mixture of two gases at the same temperature, the ratio of their rms speeds is... Problem 12P: (II) What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules contained in an 8.5-m3 volume at 3.1 atm if the... Problem 13P: (II) (a) For an ideal gas at temperature T show that drmsdT=12rmsT, and using the approximation... Problem 14P Problem 15P Problem 16P Problem 17P Problem 18P Problem 19P Problem 20P: (I) A group of 25 particles have the following speeds: two have speed 10 m/s, seven have 15 m/s,... Problem 21P Problem 23P: (I) CO2 exists in what phase when the pressure is 30atm and the temperature is 30C (Fig. 186)? Problem 24P: (I) (a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phases can CO2 exist? (b) For what range of pressures and... Problem 25P Problem 26P Problem 27P Problem 28P Problem 29P Problem 30P Problem 31P: (II) If the air pressure at a particular place in the mountains is 0.75 atm, estimate the... Problem 32P: (II) What is the mass of water in a closed room 5.0 m 6.0 m 2.4 m when the temperature is 24.0C... Problem 33P Problem 34P Problem 35P: (II) A pressure cooker is a sealed pot designed to cook food with the steam produced by boiling... Problem 36P: (II) When using a mercury barometer (Section 136), the vapor pressure of mercury is usually assumed... Problem 37P: (II) If the humidity is 45% at 30.0C, what is the dew point? Use linear interpolation to find the... Problem 38P Problem 40P Problem 41P: (II) For oxygen gas, the van der Waals equation of state achieves its best fit for a=0.14Nm4/mol2... Problem 44P Problem 45P: (II) At about what pressure would the mean free path of air molecules be (a) 0.10 m and (b) equal to... Problem 46P Problem 47P: (II) A very small amount of hydrogen gas is released into the air. If the air is at 1.0 atm and 15C,... Problem 48P Problem 49P Problem 50P Problem 51P Problem 53P Problem 54P Problem 55P Problem 56GP: A sample of ideal gas must contain at least N = 106 molecules in order for the Maxwell distribution... Problem 57GP: In outer space the density of matter is about one atom per cm3 mainly hydrogen atoms, and the... Problem 58GP: Calculate approximately the total translational kinetic energy of all the molecules in an E. coli... Problem 59GP: (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid, whose molecular mass is 89u, in a living cell at 37C... Problem 60GP: The escape speed from the Earth is 1.12 104 m/s, so that a gas molecule travelling away from Earth... Problem 61GP Problem 62GP Problem 63GP: Consider a container of oxygen gas at a temperature of 20C that is 1.00 m tall. Compare the... Problem 64GP: In humid climates, people constantly dehumidify their cellars to prevent rot and mildew. If the... Problem 65GP Problem 66GP Problem 67GP Problem 68GP: At room temperature, it takes approximately 2.45 103 J to evaporate 1.00 g of water. Estimate the... Problem 69GP: Calculate the total water vapor pressure in the air on the following two days: (a) a hot summer day,... Problem 70GP Problem 71GP: The density of atoms, mostly hydrogen, in interstellar space is about one per cubic centimeter.... Problem 72GP Problem 73GP: A sauna has 8.5 m3 of air volume, and the temperature is 90C. The air is perfectly dry. How much... Problem 74GP Problem 75GP format_list_bulleted