Concept explainers
(a)
Whether the three frequencies are the fundamental frequency of the respective bottles.
(a)
Answer to Problem 46PQ
Yes, the three frequencies are the fundamental frequency of the respective bottles.
Explanation of Solution
Fundamental frequency as the name itself defines is the lowest frequency of wave generated in an instrument. Ezra can play the beginning notes of the song using the bottles. The notes that he play are B, A, and G. The first bottle is empty but the other two has still some water left inside. The first bottle resonates at
All the frequencies are close to each other. If the frequencies were of higher order harmonics, they would be the multiples of the frequency from the empty bottle. As they are very close to each other, they are the fundamental frequency of their respective bottles.
Conclusion:
Therefore, all the three frequencies are the fundamental frequencies of the respective bottles.
(b)
The bottle which is empty.
(b)
Answer to Problem 46PQ
Bottle which produces the G note is empty.
Explanation of Solution
Write the general expression for the fundamental frequency of sound.
Here,
The largest effective length of the vibrating column causes the lowest frequency. That is from the above equation, if the length is maximum, then the resulting frequency will be the minimum. Out of the three frequencies, G note is having the least value of frequency. So the bottle which produces
Conclusion:
Therefore, the bottle which produces the G note is empty.
(c)
The height of each bottle.
(c)
Answer to Problem 46PQ
The height of the empty bottle is
Explanation of Solution
Solve equation (I) for
Use expression (II) for finding the height of the bottle producing G note.
Here,
Use expression (II) for finding the height of the bottle producing A note.
Here,
Use expression (II) for finding the height of the bottle producing B note.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Therefore, height of the empty bottle is
(d)
Height of the liquid in the partially filled bottles.
(d)
Answer to Problem 46PQ
Height of the liquid in the bottle producing B note is
Explanation of Solution
The height of the liquid inside the bottles is equal to the difference between the height of the empty bottle and the length of the other two bottles with liquid.
Write the expression for the height of the liquid in bottle producing
Here,
Write the expression for the height of the liquid in bottle producing
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Substitute
Therefore, the height of the liquid in the bottle producing B note is
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
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