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Concept introduction:
Major objective of qualitative cation analysis is identifying the cations present in a mixture. In qualitative cation analysis, cations are categorized into 5 groups depending on the solubilities of their compounds. Pb2+, Hg22+, Ag+ belong to the first group which form insoluble chlorides when HCl(aq) is added. When the remaining solution is added with H2S in an acidic medium (0.3 M HCl), a group of sulfides precipitate. The remaining solution from this is next treated with H2S in a buffer mixture of NH3 and NH4+ ions which then gives a mixture of insoluble hydroxides and sulfides. Filtrate of above reaction mixture is then treated with CO32-. This yield carbonate precipitates of cations. In the final solution, all the water soluble cations include.
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