Physics For Scientists And Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429201247
Author: Paul A. Tipler, Gene Mosca
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 18, Problem 73P
To determine
The work per cycle done by the gas.
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The pV-diagram in Fig. shows a process abc involving0.450 mol of an ideal gas. (a) What was the temperature of this gasat points a, b, and c? (b) How much work was done by or on the gas inthis process? (c) How much heat had to be added during the process toincrease the internal energy of the gas by 15,000 J?
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Expansion of an ideal gas. An ideal gas sample contains n moles, initially has a volume Viand a temperature Ti, and at the end of the expansion has a volume Vf > Vi. We will study threeprocesses. Process I is an adiabatic expansion against vacuum: the gas initially is contained in one partof an insulated container, with the other part being empty, and the partition separating the two parts issuddenly removed, allowing the gas to expand against zero pressure. Process II is a reversible isothermalexpansion. Process III is a reversible adiabatic expansion. For each of the three processes, determine theheat Q absorbed by the gas, the work W done on the gas, and the changes ∆E, ∆T and ∆S in the energy,temperature and entropy. Write all results in terms of n, R, Vi, Vf , and Ti. Compare the results for thethree processes, and indicate which quantities are the same for each pair of processes (I and II; II and III;I and III), or what is the direction of their inequality if they are…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Physics For Scientists And Engineers
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - Prob. 18PCh. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - Prob. 20PCh. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 23PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - Prob. 25PCh. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - Prob. 43PCh. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46PCh. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - Prob. 48PCh. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - Prob. 50PCh. 18 - Prob. 51PCh. 18 - Prob. 52PCh. 18 - Prob. 53PCh. 18 - Prob. 54PCh. 18 - Prob. 55PCh. 18 - Prob. 56PCh. 18 - Prob. 57PCh. 18 - Prob. 58PCh. 18 - Prob. 59PCh. 18 - Prob. 60PCh. 18 - Prob. 61PCh. 18 - Prob. 62PCh. 18 - Prob. 63PCh. 18 - Prob. 64PCh. 18 - Prob. 65PCh. 18 - Prob. 66PCh. 18 - Prob. 67PCh. 18 - Prob. 68PCh. 18 - Prob. 69PCh. 18 - Prob. 70PCh. 18 - Prob. 71PCh. 18 - Prob. 72PCh. 18 - Prob. 73PCh. 18 - Prob. 74PCh. 18 - Prob. 75PCh. 18 - Prob. 76PCh. 18 - Prob. 77PCh. 18 - Prob. 78PCh. 18 - Prob. 79PCh. 18 - Prob. 80PCh. 18 - Prob. 81PCh. 18 - Prob. 82PCh. 18 - Prob. 83PCh. 18 - Prob. 84PCh. 18 - Prob. 85PCh. 18 - Prob. 86PCh. 18 - Prob. 87PCh. 18 - Prob. 88PCh. 18 - Prob. 89PCh. 18 - Prob. 90PCh. 18 - Prob. 91PCh. 18 - Prob. 92PCh. 18 - Prob. 93PCh. 18 - Prob. 94PCh. 18 - Prob. 95PCh. 18 - Prob. 96PCh. 18 - Prob. 97PCh. 18 - Prob. 98P
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- Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as helium is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with pressure 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state of the gas. (c) Find the work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy of the gas in the process.arrow_forwardOn an adiabatic process of an ideal gas pressure, volume and temperature change such that pV is constant with =5/3 for monatomic gas such as helium and =7/5 for diatomic gas such as hydrogen at room temperature. Use numerical values to plot two isotherms of 1 mol of helium gas using ideal gas law and two adiabatic processes mediating between them. Use T1=500K,V1=1L, and T2=300K for your plot.arrow_forwardTwo moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as oxygen is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with a pressure of 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state. (c) Find work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy in the process. Assume Cv=5R and Cp=Cv+R for the diatomic ideal gas in the conditions given.arrow_forward
- A cylinder containing three moles of a monatomic ideal gas is heated at a constant pressure of 2 atm. The temperature of the gas changes from 300 K to 350 K as a result of the expansion. Find work done (a) on the gas; and (b) by the gas.arrow_forwardA car tile contains 0.0380 m3 of air at a pressure of 2.20105 Pa (about 32 psi). How much more internal energy does this gas have than the same volume has at zero gauge pressure (which is equivalent to normal atmospheric pressure)?arrow_forwardAs shown below, calculate the work done by the gas in the quasi-static processes represented by the paths (a) AB; (b) ADB; (c) ACB; and (d) ADCB. `arrow_forward
- An ideal gas expands quasi-statically to three times its original volume. Which process requires more work from the gas, an isothermal process or an isobaric one? Determine the ratio of the work done in processes.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an ideal diatomic gas with =7.5 at the working temperatures of the engine. The Carnot cycle goes in the cycle ABCDA with AB being an isothermal expansion. The volume at points A and C of the cycle are 5.0103 m3 and 0.15 L, respectively. The engine operates between two thermal baths of temperature 500 K 300 K. (a) Find the values of volume at B and D. (b) How much heat is absorbed by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (c) How much work is done by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (d) How much heat is given up by the gas in the CD isothermal expansion? (e) How much work is done by the gas in the CD isothermal compression? (f) How much work is done by the gas in the BC adiabatic expansion? (g) How much work is done by the gas in the DA adiabatic compression? (h) Find the value of efficiency of the engine based on the net and heat input. Compare this value to the efficiency of a Carnot engine based on the temperatures of the baths.arrow_forwardA tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is at temperature 82.0 and absolute pressure 5.70105 Pa. The temperature of the air outside the tank is 20.0 . The molar mass of Cl2 is 70.9 g/mol. (a) What is the volume of the tank? (b) What is the internal energy of the gas? (c) What is the work done by the gas if the temperature and pressure inside the tank drop to 31.0 and 3.80105 Pa, respectively, due to a leak?arrow_forward
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