Chapter 18.1, Problem 1NV

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Definition of the terms, bacteria, nucleoid, capsule, pilus, binary fission, conjugation, and endospore.

Explanation of Solution

Bacteria are the microscopic organism. They are prokaryotic and they lack a true nucleus. They are very primitive and known to have existed since starting of life on earth.

Nucleoid is an irregularly shaped mass of genetic material in prokaryotic cells. It is not membrane-bound and is present in a suspended form in the cytoplasm.

Capsule is an outer covering of a bacteria, which covers the bacteria and protect it from the external harmful environment.

Pilus is a hair like the structure found on the surface of bacteria as well as archaea. It helps in the attachment of the bacteria to various surfaces.

Binary fission is a form of reproduction in bacteria, it is a method that bacteria imply to divide into two.

Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between two bacteria by attaching to one another.

Endospores are the tough dormant, non-reproductive stage of bacteria. It has a tough covering that helps in the survival of bacteria in harsh conditions.